山區道路災害常見的問題探討

吳文隆

《土木水利》 43卷2期 (2016/04) Pp. 60-66

https://doi.org/10.6653/MoCICHE.201604_43(2).0010

摘要

臺灣地狹人稠、地形陡峭、山高水急、地質破碎、雨量多、降雨強度強、地震作用活躍、颱風多，天然災害發生機率很高。尤其是山區道路所面臨之挑戰更甚於其他之公共工程設施，每逢颱風來襲或地震發生時，不時傳來落石、山崩、土石流、洪水對山區道路所造成之災害相當多，對國計民生影響更鉅，如何減少災害之影響，實為當前重要課題。本文收集過去山區道路災害常見的問題與缺失，加以整理歸納，從規劃設計、調查作業、地質因素、排水、擋土設施、邊坡、地錨、道路、橋梁、河川護坡、隧道等方面加以探討與分析，並進一步說明工程設計考量重點，以便提供工程界後續類似工程之參考，將災害影響降至最低。

並列摘要

Taiwan possess the characteristic of dense population, narrow and steep terrain, high mountains and swift rivers, fracture Geology, considerable rainfall and heavy rainfall intensity, active earthquakes, many typhoons and a high probability of natural disasters. Rockfalls, landslides, mudslides and floods have often taken place after typhoon or earthquake attacked. The disasters have a great influence on people’s livelihood so that how to reduce the impact of disasters is an important subject so far. This article collected common problems and defects occurred in the past mountain road disaster. Also, discussions and analyses have been implemented in terms of planning and design, survey operations, geological factors, drainage, retaining facilities, slope, anchor, roads, bridges, river revetment and tunnels, etc. A further explanation regarding key considerations of engineering design is included. It is expected that the description provided in this article can be served as a reference basis of similar engineering practices in the near future and minimizes the impact of disaster.