發展自動駕駛運具之衝擊影響評估

Assessment of the Impacts and Effects of Autonomous Vehicles

張學孔(S.K. Jason Chang) ； 陳雅雯(Ya-Wen Chen) ； 周寬也(Kuan-Yeh Chou) ； 于立安(Li-An Yu)

《土木水利》 46卷2期 (2019/04) Pp. 66-72

https://doi.org/10.6653/MoCICHE.201904_46(2).0011

摘要

本文探討自動駕駛車輛在國際及國內發展之趨勢，並對臺灣引入自駕運具後，對於運輸服務、經濟產業、環境能源、都市城鄉發展，以及社會行為等面向可能帶來之衝擊影響進行初步評估，同時提出因應自駕運具發展之綜合建議。自駕運具適合做為共享運具及公共運具，其解放之時間與空間將大幅度改變產業面貌及旅運行為，對於環境將有節能減碳之正面效益。此外，未來的城鄉規劃也受到自駕運具影響，可能以自駕快速巴士（Autonomous Rapid Transit）作為公共運輸城市TOD發展之主幹，並且藉由釋放大量的車行與車停空間，有更多人本環境產生。自駕運具也將改變人們對於擁有汽車、出行等觀念，並能滿足偏鄉及弱勢族群之出行需求。對於自駕運具之發展，建議政府成立專責單位、整合資源、推動國際合作、檢視及編修相關法規，並優先規劃應用自駕運具於公共運輸、共享運具、城市貨運及MaaS整合出行服務。

並列摘要

This study reviews the current progress of autonomous vehicles (AV) domestically and internationally, and discusses the potential impacts and effects on mobility, industries, environment and energy, as well as urban and rural development, and social behavior in Taiwan. Through literature review and analysis, this study then provides suggestions regarding the future operations and developments of AV. The study has shown that AV is best suited for shared vehicles and public transit in terms of sustainable mobility and livable cities. Limitations of time and space will be reduced once AV can be utilized by existing industries and businesses, which will notably change the traditional ways and create new ways of how people do business. AV is also believed to produce less emission while having higher energy efficiency, thus being beneficial for the environment. Urban planning will be affected by AV, with possible strategies of Autonomous Rapid Transit implementation in TOD. The reduced roadways and parking spaces will be leading to other usage such as public space and green environment. AV will also change people's behavior regarding car ownership and mobility, while the underprivileged and the rural residents' mobility needs can also be fulfilled by AV. Finally, it is suggested that in viewing of the AV development the government needs to form a national center of ACES, integrate development resources, initiate international collaborations, settle related regulations and laws, and systematically apply AV in public transit, shared mobility, urban freight and on demand service (MaaS).