一個不可能的任務？：凋敝地區的再生發展

Mission Impossible?: Revitalization of Depleted Community

李慶芳(Ching-Fang Lee) ； 利尚仁(Shang-Jen Li) ； Mansour Amjadi

《創業管理研究》 3卷4期 (2008/12) Pp. 67-81

https://doi.org/10.30132/JER.200812.0005

摘要

有關區域發展的議題過去有很多相關的學術研究，其中一個主要的議題是關於區域如何藉由「群聚」效果進行發展與創新，這類的研究主要從經濟觀點進行思考，分析某一特定區域成功的產業群聚現象背後的原因與要素等，相關的研究發現對於區域的工業以及產業發展產生非常大的貢獻。可是這些研究卻難以協助解決後工業化時期經濟凋敝區域的問題，因為承襲過去的研究觀點來進行分析，我們很容易的就得到這樣的結論：凋敝地區的生產要素已經消失殆盡，無法進行任何的經濟再生。然而有很多實際的案例卻顯示了與這個結論不一樣的結果，這些案例中的凋敝地區透過某種機制進行了經濟上的復育再生。為何在許多研究學者眼中不可能的任務，卻在現實中發生了？我們試圖地為這種現象提出合理的詮釋，在本研究中我們引用Hudson（2001）對於空間（Space）與地方（Place）概念的論述，讓我們了解凋敝地區再生議題的思考，必須轉換傳統的分析視角，從另一個非資本主義的面向來重新定義「資源」與「運作機制」這兩個攸關地區發展的主要元素，從分析角度的轉換中我們重新思考了這兩個議題，從而在研究中提出復育凋敝地區應該重視的關鍵乃是：1.重啟發展的主要元素並非傳統的經濟要素，而是在地的社會文化元素。2.主要的運作機制是去啟動（enable）與賦能（empower）凋敝地區的個人與社群。

關鍵字

群聚創新 ； 創業 ； 地區發展

並列摘要

＂Cluster innovation＂ is one of major topics to address the Regional Development study. The way scholars approach within the cluster innovation study is to figure out how cluster effect facilitates regional innovation and development. And they rely on the economic theory to profile how those areas can succeed. They applied the conventional thought to regard what productive resources are, then base on such concern to conclude what the best mechanism they have. However, some conditions happened under the era of post-industry, such as: depleted community issue. Base on previous perspective, we could easily come out following argument. It's no way out to revitalize those areas whereas depleted community lacks of economic sustainable resources to revive. But many evidences disapprove this saying, there are some depleted communities revitalized successfully. Why and by which way they did it is what we have to inquire in this study. Hudson (2001) studied on a location with perspectives of ＂Space＂ and ＂Place＂ respectively. It proposed a distinguished implication for us to profile resources and operation mechanism which can be applied to revitalize depleted community. Under such consideration, we analyze the case of Cape Breton Island and have following conclusions: 1. It is not the conventional resources but the cultural and societal element to trigger the revitalization process in the depleted community. 2. The operational mechanism which can facilitate the revitalization is to enable and empower local inhabitants and community.

並列關鍵字

Cluster Innovation ； Entrepreneurship ； Regional Development