台灣與全球積體電路廠商研發外溢效果分析

Analysis of R&D Spillover Effect in Taiwan and Global IC Industry

蔡璧徽(Bi-Huei Tsai) ； 陳先齊(Hsien-Chi Chen)

《創業管理研究》 4卷2期 (2009/06) Pp. 29-57

https://doi.org/10.30132/JER.200906.0002

摘要

本研究針對2001年至2004年台灣積體電路（Integrated Circuit, IC）公司與全球IC設計公司，運用生產函數分析法，以縱橫資料（Panel Data）和傳給迴歸（OLS）分析，探討創新型態、工研院科專計畫與積體電路上、下游廠商研發外溢效果的關聯性。本文研究主題為：1.台灣是全世界積體電路生產重鎮，積體電路產業群緊程度較其他區域顯著，本研究比較台灣與全球IC設計產業研發外溢與產出關聯性，暸解兩者研發外溢效果的差異。2.比較IC設計、製程階段研發外溢與產出的關聯性，暸解IC設計階段與IC製程階段研發外溢效果的差異。3.探討工研院科專計畫對積體電路上、下游產業研發績效與研發外溢的關聯性，分析研究機構能否輔導廠商建立自主技術。本研究發現：1.台灣IC設計公司群聚於科學工業園區，產業內研發外溢效果大於全球IC設計公司。2.台灣IC製造與封測公司產業內技術較攸關，研發外溢效果大於台灣IC設計公司。3.台灣IC製造與封測公司參與工研院科專計畫愈多，廠商自身研發生產力愈高，而同產業間研發外溢效果對該廠商產出的影響卻愈低，顯示這些公司參與工研院科專計畫後，能減少依賴其他廠商的研發成果，建立自主性技術；本研究結果隱含工研院在扶植廠商創業與產業轉型的重要性。

關鍵字

研發外溢 ； 群眾 ； 科專計畫 ； 工研院 ； 創新型態

並列摘要

Previous research has emphasized the importance of research and development (R&D) spillover effect (e.g., Megna & Klock, 1993; Bernstein, 1988), but these studies did not effectively examine the determinants of R&D spillover effect. The impact of industry clusters, innovative characteristics and public research projects on R&D spillovers is analyzed in this study. This study focuses on 66 Taiwanese firms and 27 global firms from 2001 to 2004 and utilizes production function models to examine the determinants of R&D spillover effect in IC industry. The major findings are: 1. R&D spillover effect significantly enhances the firm's productivity. 2. R&D spillover effect of Taiwanese IC design industry is obviously greater than that of global IC design industry. Since IC firms clusters in Science Park in Taiwan, Taiwanese IC design firms can interact with suppliers, clients or competitiors and absorb R&D knowledge more easily. 3. R&D spillover effect substaintially differs between product innovation and process innovation at the design and process stages, respectively, along the industrial value chain of IC industry. It suggests the influence of innovation characteristics on R&D spillover effect. 4. The R&D spillover effect is more likely to decrease as IC manufacturing, IC packaging and IC testing firms participate in the Science and Technology (S&T) Projects of Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI). It implies that firms which cooperate with ITRI promote their technology capacity and rely less on the knowledge spillovers from other corporations.

並列關鍵字

R&D Spillover ； Cluster ； S&T Projects ； TRI ； Innovation Characteristics