台灣服務業創業分佈影響因素之探討

A Study on the Determinants of Regional Distribution of New Firms in Service Industry for Taiwan

陳菁瑤(Jing-Yau Chen) ； 劉筠蓁(Yun-Chen Liu)

《創業管理研究》 6卷2期 (2011/06) Pp. 1-31

https://doi.org/10.30132/JER.201106.0001

摘要

自1988年服務業的產值首次超過國民生產毛額的50%起，台灣的經濟結構即邁入以服務業為主的型態。同時，服務業新創事業家數亦隨國民生產毛額呈逐年遞增，顯示服務業創業精神與台灣經濟成長關係密切。因此，本研究利用1991年至2001年台灣地區23個縣市的追蹤資料，首先透過空間計量方法，探討台灣各縣市服務業新創事業家數是否具有空間聚集現象；其次再用空間追蹤資料模型分析影響服務業創業家數區域分佈的因素。研究結果顯示縣市間服務業創業家數呈現正向空間相關，即有聚集的現象；此外，利用空間固定效果模型分析的部份，則以固定效果空間誤差模型的解釋力較佳；而解釋變數方面，則以各縣市專業服務成本的變動率、賦稅收入、勞動力成長率和就業者教育程度的成長率對各地服務業創業家數有顯著的影響。

關鍵字

服務業 ； 新創事業 ； 區域分佈 ； 空間計量 ； 追蹤資料模型

並列摘要

Taiwan has experienced a huge transformation of economic structure recently. The output value of the service industry is more than 50 percent of GDP since 1988, and the ratio increasing yearly. Service industry seems to have replaced a manufacture-based economy, and become an important driving force for economic growth. In addition, the annual number of new firms in service industry in Taiwan also reveals a yearly increasing trend, showing that the service industry entrepreneurship plays a very important role in the promotion of Taiwan's economic growth. This study is based on the data of 23 cities and counties in Taiwan from 1991 to 2001, taking the number of new firms in service industry as dependent variable and the other seven explanatory variables from external and macroeconomic factors, to discuss how these explanatory variables involves the number of new firms, and whether there is any spatial cluster effect among cities and counties in Taiwan. First, conducting a test for spatial autocorrelation in the number of new firms and explanatory variables by calculating the Moran's I, then, analyzing the impact by using the traditional panel data model, and the fixed effect spatial model. The empirical result indicates that there is a positive spatial correlation and aggregation phenomenon for the number of new firms in service industry. Moreover, the best fitted model for the panel data analysis is the fixed-effects model, while the fixed effect spatial error model shows a better fit in the test of the fixed-effects model considering spatial influential. As for explanatory variables, professional service cost, tax revenue, labor growth, and employment of educated persons growth rate show significant impacts on the number of new firms in service industry.

並列關鍵字

The number of new firms ； Spatial Autocorrelation ； Panel Data Analysis ； Spatial Error Model ； Fixed Effects Model