土石流災害綜合防止對策法制－日本土砂災害防止相關法制之經驗

日本全國國土約有七成為險峻之地形並且大都為脆弱之地質所構成，再加上颱風豪雨等氣象變化所影響，因此整體而言，日本由於經常受到自然威脅導致每年全國各地都發生許多洪水及土石流災害造成國民生命及財產莫大損害。有鑑於此，日本政府近年來對於相關土石流災害之法律及相關對策之制定及推動等不遺餘力。而與日本僅有一水之隔之我國不管於地形及國土利用甚至自然天候等皆有相近之處，因此藉由介紹日本相關制度過程中希望從中汲取相關經驗以供我國未來擬定相關防止土石流等災害對策之參考。本文主要依照下列順序加以介紹。（1）首先概要地介紹有關日本土石流災害對策之沿革。（2）其後就日本土砂災害防治法制定作為時期的分段，先將日本土砂災害防治法制定為止主要相關法令加以介紹。其中最主要的規範又可依其性質分為：A.防止土石流移動所造成土砂災害防止對策、B.土砂災害危險場所之開發行為及建築行為之管制、C.其災害發生時之對應法律規定加以整理。（3）最後再就先前相關法令不足以對應現代土石流災害之問題點加以分析後，並就近年來所制定之土砂災害防治法之內容加以介紹。

關鍵字

土砂災害防治法；土砂災害警戒區域；土砂災害特別警戒區域

並列摘要

Japan's national land is vulnerable to flood damage and sediment related disasters because approximately 70% of the national land belongs to steep landscape and most of these lands are fragile geologically. To prevent sediment related disasters, Japan government has been making every endeavor to promote the legislation of relative legal systems and administrative strategies and plans. To learn the implementing experience from Japan would be valuable since Taiwan is quite similar to Japan in steep landscape and fragile geology of national land, land utilization and weather conditions. This article is arranged as follows: (1) the history of Japan's strategies to prevent sediment related disasters is generally reviewed; (2) the legal system and the regulatory contents before the Sediment-related Disaster Prevention Law's legislation are explored, including the strategies to prevent the disaster caused by the movement of mudflows, the regulation of restricting development and construction upon the areas which are susceptible to sediment-related disaster, and the law of rescuing measures when disaster happened; (3) the insufficiencies of the aforesaid law and regulations are analyzed and the contents of Sediment-related Disaster Prevention Law is introduced.

並列關鍵字

Sediment-related Disaster Prevention Law ； restricted area ； special restricted area

國際替代計量

土石流災害綜合防止對策法制－日本土砂災害防止相關法制之經驗

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