以原住民族為對象之基因研究成果利益分享問題

Benefit-Sharing Issues Concerning Indigenous Peoples in Genetic Research

李崇僖(Chung-Hsi Lee) ； 劉源祥(Yuan-Hsiang Liu)

《臺灣科技法律與政策論叢》 4卷3期 (2007/09) Pp. 91-137

https://doi.org/10.7050/TJLTP.200709.0091

摘要

原住民族常是基因研究者鎖定之研究目標，可是研究者卻往往只將原住民族當作研究工具，任意剝削而未就研究成果所得利益提供合理適當的分配。雖然國際上目前就原住民族基因研究倫理的討論已逐漸受到重視，然而若利益分享問題未獲得解決，原住民族與基因研究者之間的不平等關係將仍繼續存在。不過即使肯定了利益分享機制的必要性，我們仍必須避免研究利益的提供不當地「引誘」原住民族參與研究，反而違反了禁止物化人體的基本倫理原則。本文嘗試由國際間已發表的倫理建議規範與文件為基礎，探究原住民族基因研究利益分享機制的建立。利益分享的方式固然有許多可能性，但本文強調，基於「尊重社群」原則的考量，至少應讓原住民族有表達意見的機會，其前提包括研究者應該完整告知研究所產生的相關利益與商業化應用。而台灣當前的法規環境未能就此議題提供原住民族完整的保護，誠值得我們注意。

關鍵字

原住民族 ； 基因研究 ； 剝削 ； 利益分享 ； 尊重社群

並列摘要

Indigenous peoples are important subjects of genetic research, but their special social status and culture are often ignored. In some cases, researchers even exploitated indigenous peoples without providing them with interests from research results fairly and appropriately. Although genetic research ethics concerning indigenous peoples have been paid lots of attention worldwide, issues about benefit-sharing shall also be included in the ethic structure to change the unfair relationship between genetic researchers and indigenous peoples. Besides, in order not to commodify human bodies, we should be careful that the sharing of research benefits can not be the inducement to indigenous peoples. According to suggestions and declarations of international organizations, we know there are various ways to design the benefitsharing measures for indigenous peoples. Taking the principle of ＂respect for communities＂ into consideration, this article stresses that researchers shall clearly inform indigenous peoples about the interests and commercial uses before research, and so that indigenous peoples could express their opinions and discuss with researchers. Researchers cannot just regard indigenous peoples as ＂guinea pigs,＂ and they are partners in genetic research. However, laws about research ethics in Taiwan have not provided enough protection for indigenous peoples yet. We're looking forward to that, in the near future, we can constitute more legal protection or ethical discussion for indigenous peoples to avoid the burst of protests of indigenous peoples toward genetic researchers such as the Kavalan case in 2007.

並列關鍵字

Indigenous Peoples ； Genetic Research ； Exploitation ； Benefit-Sharing ； Respect for Communities