《淮南子》的人性論與教育觀

The Theory of Human Nature and Education in Huainanzi

林玫玲(Mei-Ling Lin)

《華醫學報》 47期 (2017/12) Pp. 163-183

摘要

《淮南子》共二十一卷，由西漢淮南王劉安及其門客所撰。其內容雖融合先秦諸子之說，但其中心思想是建基於老莊學說而形成的新道家理論。從卷一〈原道〉到卷二十〈泰族〉，可以窺知作者試圖由道入儒，從老莊道論談起，最後落實到儒者對人間世的應對，故，此書為儒道並進。《淮南子》雖然深受老莊無為論的影響，但也強調教與學。本文主要探討《淮南子》的人性論與教育觀。在闡釋教育觀之前，先述其人性論，因為對人性的論點，必然導引出不同的教育觀。由於《淮南子》兼容百家學說，且非一人所撰，故，在人性論方面，有三種不同觀點。從〈原道〉到〈人間〉篇，主張人性清靜無欲；〈脩務〉篇主人性三等；〈泰族〉篇認為人性具仁義之資。這三種觀點，從道家以無知、無欲、素樸、清靜為人之天性，轉變為儒家強調教化與孟子的性善說。在教育觀方面，主要探究因與學。「因」思想，主要從兩方面來說明：（一）因即順應；（二）因與無為。「學」思想，則從三方面來探討：首先，強調人能積極改變自然；繼之，說明學之重要；最後，批評崇古情結。

關鍵字

人性 ； 因 ； 性 ； 淮南子 ； 學

並列摘要

Huainanzi has twenty-one volumes, written by the Western Han Dynasty Huainan Liu An and his hanger-on. Its content is the integration of the pre-Qin philosophers, but the central idea is based on the theory of Laozhuang theory put forward the new Taoist theory. From the volume of 〈Yuan Dao〉 to the volume twenty 〈Tai Zu〉 can know the author trying to go from Taoism to Confucianism. From the Laozhuang 's Theory of Taoism to the implementation of Confucianism to the world' s response. This book is a combination of Confucianism and Taoism. Huainanzi Although deeply influenced by the inaction of Laozhuang, but also stressed that teaching and learning. This article mainly discusses the theory of human nature and education of Huainanzi. Because the argument of human nature will lead to a different concept of education, so before explaining the concept of education, we must first discuss its theory of human nature. Huainanzi is compatible with hundreds of theories, non-one written, in terms of human nature, there are three different views. From the〈Yuan Dao〉 to〈Renjian〉articles advocate human nature quiet desire.〈Xiu Wu〉 advocate three levels of human nature. 〈Tai Zu〉articles that human nature has the righteousness of the qualification. These three views, from the human nature is Taoist ignorance, no desire, plain, quiet, into Confucianism emphasizes the teachings and Mencius's goodness.In the education concept to explore follow and learning . ＂Follow＂ thought mainly from two aspects to illustrate: (a) follow is to adapt; (b) follow and inaction. ＂Learning＂ thinking from three aspects to explore: First, stressed that people can actively change the natural; Moreover, the importance of learning; Finally, the criticism of worship the ancients complex.

並列關鍵字

Follow ； Huainanzi ； Human nature ； Learning ； Nature