華語八千詞詞彙分級研究

Classification on Chinese 8,000 Vocabulary

曾文璇(Wen-Hsung Tseng)

《華語學刊》 16期 (2014/06) Pp. 22-33

摘要

國家華語測驗推動工作委員會於2003年所研製的八千詞表，迄今已有十年，在此期間，華語文能力測驗歷經對應CEFR《歐洲共同語文參考架構》進行改版與新增等級（入門、基礎）等工作，測驗發展日臻完備。而八千詞表雖經第一線華語教師、學習者及考生回饋，陸續修訂，但是為使詞彙分級更加適切，實應全面檢視八千詞詞彙分級之合理性並調整改進。本研究考量初級學習者的使用需求，與使用者詞彙使用情況，進行詞彙分級工作，首先依據CEFR的領域（domain）、情境（situation）與溝通主題（themes）三個面向，規劃出十一個主題情境，同時廣泛收集華語教材、測驗所使用的詞表，進行詞彙出現次數統計、挑選詞彙與依據主題情境分列詞彙，確立初級學習者適用之詞表內容。接著針對更高程度之華語學習者，則將學習者實際產出的詞彙納入分級研究中，依據TOCFL學習者語料庫詞頻表，統計詞彙使用頻率，據此調整詞彙等級。並經專家審查，確認詞表內容之合理性。最後將詞表依據華語文能力測驗等級：入門級、基礎級、進階級、高階級、流利級分列，對應CEFR的A1、A2、B1、B2、C1。本研究希望透過上述分級調校，提供評量者、教學者更精確的詞彙訊息。

關鍵字

詞彙分級 ； 詞表 ； 詞頻 ； 語料庫 ； 歐洲共同語文參考架構

並列摘要

The 8000 Vocabulary List, compiled and tabulated in year 2003, has been published for more than 10 years. During these ten years, Huayu Proficiency Test is perfected and matched to Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment (CEFR) through revamps and adding new grades (Beginner, and Basic). While the 8000 Vocabulary List is constantly updated through feedbacks from teachers, learners and test takers, the list should also be further scrutinized and modified on the words segregation. This research on words segregation is carried out based on learners' application needs and usage. For beginners, 11 topic are drafted in accordance to CEFR's three aspects-domain, situation and topic to ascertain suitable words, as well as teaching materials and vocabulary list used in relevant tests for analyzing, selecting and grouping the words by topic. Next, words generated for advanced learners will be analysed according to TOCFL learners' vocabulary lists. The vocabulary list, with specialist verification and confirmation on their appropriateness, would then be divided into Level 1、Level 2、Level 3、Level 4、Level 5, corresponding to CEFR's A1, A2, B1, B2 and C1. This research would provide examiner and educator with more accurate vocabulary information.

並列關鍵字

words segregation ； vocabulary list ； word frequency ； Corpus ； CEFR