關於精油之研究 XV Malabar Lemongrass 根精油之研究

Essential Oils XV Essential Oil of Malabar Lemongrass Roots

葉炳賢(Ping-Hsien Yeh)

《化學》 62年3期 (1973/09) Pp. 88-93

https://doi.org/10.6623/chem.1973014

摘要

普通茅草類如香茅草(citronella grass)，檸檬草(lemongrass)等其根部幾乎不含精油，但僅此Malabar lemongrass根含有精油達0.2%之多。此根精油之香味與lemongrass精油完全不同，略像vetiver精油之香味。經研究結果Malabar lemongrass根精油之組成大致可分三部份如下。Terpene aldehydes部份不多，佔全精油之3.1%，爲citral a及少量之citral b；sesquiterpones部份佔全精油之80.8%，含有數種之sesquiterpenes。其中主要者有三種，其一爲cadinen，佔全精油之30.2%，其他兩種香味相似，均具vetiver油之芳香。其中之一有不活性雙鍵結合，佔全精油之18.576，另一有活性雙鍵結合，佔全精油之32.1%。此兩種sesquiterpenes均有相似之骨格，但並非同一物質。除此三種sesquiterpenes以外本部份尙含有少量azulene type物質。sesquiterpene alcohols部份佔全精油之13.6%，爲Cadalene型bicyclic sesquiterpene alcohol。

並列摘要

Malabar lemongrass is a kind of lemongrasses brought from Malabar, East India, by Dr. Kinzo Kafuku about thirty years ago and cultivated on the Experimental Field of this laboratory. The essential oil of the leaves of this plant contained more than 80% citral. The roots of citronella grass and lemongrass practically contained no essential oils. The roots of Malabar lemongrass, however, contained as high as 0.2% essential oil, the odor of which was different from that of lemongrass oil and rather reminiscent of that of vetiver oil. The essential oil of Malabar lemongrass roots contained 3.1% terpene aldehydes which consisted mainly of citral a and a small amount of citral b. About 80.8% of this root oil was sesquiterpenes. Cadinene occupied 30.2% of root oil. There were two other sesquiterpene hydrocarbons with vetiver oil Iike oder, One of them (18.5% of root oil) had an inactive double bond. The other one (32.1% of root oil) had an active double bond. Beside the above three sesquiterpene hydrocarbons this oil contained a little azulene type compound. Sesquiterpene alcohol (13.6% of root oil) mainly consisted of a cadalene type bicyclic sesquiterpene alcohol.