地下水的砷汙染，烏腳病和其他相關的健康問題

Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater, Blackfoot Disease and Other Related Health Problems

王少芬(Joanna Shaofen Wang) ； 魏建模(Chien M. Wai) ； 楊詔凱(Chao-Kai Yang) ； 楊末雄(Mo-Hsiung Yang)

《化學》 61卷3期 (2003/09) Pp. 351-362

https://doi.org/10.6623/chem.2003037

摘要

地下水的砷污染發生於天然礦物的瀝濾，以及人類的活動。在水環境中，砷通常以+3或+5價的無機砷和有機砷化合物的形式存在。三價砷要比五個砷的毒性更大，五價砷又比單甲基砷酸和二甲基砷酸的毒性大。深井水中所含的砷濃度通常要比目前飲用水最大容許污染濃度的50 ppb高許多。而且As(III)/As(V)比例通常是＞1。半世紀前，在臺灣西南部所發現的烏腳病與當地居民飲用含高濃度的砷和高成份的三價砷的深井水有關。類似的砷中毒問題後來在中國的內蒙，孟加拉國和印度也被發現，這些都與飲用被砷污染的地下水有關。這個全球性的砷污染問題也許是當今人類面對之最嚴重的環境問題之一。

關鍵字

砷 ； 烏腳病 ； 地下水 ； 污染

並列摘要

Arsenic contamination of groundwater can occur by natural leaching of minerals or by human activities. In aquatic environments, arsenic can usually exist in +3 and +5 oxidation states, both as inorganic and organometallic species. Inorganic arsenite is more toxic than arsenate which in turn is more toxic than monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid. Deep well waters often have arsenic concentrations far greater than the current maximum contaminant level of 50 ppb and with arsenite/arsenate ratios＞ 1. The Blackfoot disease found in southwest Taiwan nearly half a century ago was related to the drinking of deep well waters containing high concentrations of arsenic with high fractions of arsenite by local village people. Similar arsenic poisoning problems were later found in Inner Mongolia, Bangladesh and India, all related to the drinking of groundwaters contaminated with arsenic. This global arsenic contamination problem is perhaps one of the most serious environmental problems facing human beings today.

並列關鍵字

arsenic ； blackfoot disease ； groundwater ； contamination