木材防腐業與製材業勞工之CCA暴露對鉻及砷的生物性指標的影響

THE INVESTIGATION OF URUNARY CHROMIUM AND ASENIC OF WORKERS IN CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE (CCA) WOOD PRESERVATION PLANT

鄭煥諭(humnyu-chang)

指導教授 ： 許德仁

長榮大學/健康科學學院/職業安全與衛生研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2007.00148

摘要

摘 要
本研究之目的於瞭解國內使用鉻化砷酸銅(Chromated Copper Arsenate, CCA)之木材防腐處理廠勞工之鉻及砷暴露情形，並探討此二金屬於勞工之尿液生物偵測指標值與各途徑暴露劑量相關性。
本研究選取三家木材防腐處裡廠，分別於一週內兩個連續天與一週內最後一個工作天對勞工進行尿液採樣及皮膚貼膚採樣，同時亦有另一位研究者採集個人空氣樣本，並以問卷記錄勞工基本資料、飲食、活動時間及類型等暴露因子。金屬氧化物利用原子吸收光譜儀(Varian, 220FS) 及紫外可見分光光度計(Varian Cary 50)分別進行砷、鉻及六價鉻之含量分析。
結果發現個人空氣採樣中六價鉻平均濃度為0.12 ± 0.05 µg/m3，總砷平均濃度為2.41 ± 1.35 µg/m3均低於PELs (As：0.01 mg/m3，Cr+6：0.1 mg/m3)。皮膚樣本中六價鉻劑量平均值為0.837 ± 0.398 mg，總砷平均劑量值為2.621 ± 1.292 mg。經皮膚各部位濃度顯示手前臂及腿部之暴露劑量較高。尿液中鉻濃度結果顯示：一個工作日所增加之尿中總鉻濃度(increase during shift)之平均值為9.67 µg/L，一個工作週最後工作日下班前尿中總鉻濃度(end of shift at end of workweek)發現其平均值為24.04 µg/L皆接近建議之BEI值。尿液中砷濃度結果顯示一個工作週最後工作日下班前尿中總鉻濃度(end of shift at end of workweek)發現其平均值為20.24 µg/L並未接近建議之BEI值。皮膚暴露量檢測結果發現皮膚暴露劑量增加時，尿中鉻含量有增加之趨勢。
本研究發現尿中鉻暴露濃度於工作前後差異量接近ACGIH建議之BEI值，有暴露危害之可能性，須繼續進一步追蹤。皮膚暴露之濃度與尿液之金屬濃度具正向之關聯性，所以皮膚暴露可能為主要暴露途徑，其中手部與腳部為主要暴露部位，因此須配戴防護性良好之手套及防護靴，可有效降低防腐劑之皮膚暴露。

關鍵字

鉻化砷酸銅(CCA) ； 暴露評估 ； 皮膚暴露 ； 鉻 ； 砷。

並列摘要

Abstract
The object of this study was aimed to determine the relationship between urinary chromium/arsenic and exposure levels of workers in CCA wood preservation plants in Taiwan.
The monitoring of chromium and arsenic levels in urine and skin was performed on three wood preservation plants. The personal exposure data, customs, working time and frequency were collected with questionnaire. The samples from the workers were analyzed with atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnace (Varian, 220FS) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Varian Cary 50).
The mean concentrations of hexavalent chromium and arsenic in the personal air samples were 0.12 ± 0.05 µg/m3 and 2.41 ± 1.35 µg/m3, all of them were below the PELs(As：0.01 mg/m3,Cr+6：0.1 mg/m3).The concentrations of chromium and arsenic in skin samples were 0.837 ± 0.398 mg and 2.621 ± 1.292 mg. The high concentration of asenic, chromium was distributed on the skin of hand and foot. The increased concentration during shift of chromium in urine was close to 10μg/L, the biological exposure index of chromium set by ACGIH. The concentration of chromium in urine samples collected at the end of workweek was in urine was close to 25μg/L the biological exposure index of chromium set by ACGIH. Urinary chromium concentrations were significantly associated with dermal exposure values.
The increased concentrations during shift of arsenic and chromium in urine and skin samples were above over the suggested value set by ACGIH, it needs to continue following the trail of further. Base on the significant association between urinary chromium concentrations and dermal exposure index, we concluded the dermal exposure could be the major exposure route for body burden of chromium. The high concentration of asenic, chromium was distributed in skin of hand and foot; therefore, wearing impermeable gloves during working might reduce dermal exposure.

並列關鍵字

chromated copper arsenate (CCA) ； expose and assess ； skin exposing ； chromium ； arsenic.

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