標準參考氣體於氣體分析上之應用與配製技術

Applications of Standard Reference Gas in Gas Analysis and Its Preparation Techniques

孫秀鳳(Hsiu-Feng Sun) ； 賴政勳(Cheng-Hsun Lai) ； 李雅琳(Ya-Lin Lee) ； 王家麟(Jia-Lin Wang)

《化學》 62卷3期 (2004/09) Pp. 387-408

https://doi.org/10.6623/chem.2004032

摘要

參考物質(RM)是具有一種或數種已被充分確定其性質並經過良好驗證的材料或物質，其種類繁多，包含了固、液、氣各種類型，廣泛地使用在校正儀器、評估測量方法、促進公平交易等各個範疇中;而近年來，為因應環保議題的重視、高科技產業的蓮勃發展，標準氣體的需求量也因而大為增加，因此，對其分類層級及追溯體系溯源釐清的重視程度也愈加提升，但目前國內關於參考物質介紹的專文有限，更遑論專門介紹標準氣體之文章，有鑑於此，本文彙集整理國內外相關文獻，針對參考物質及標準氣體的定義、種類層級及其應用在量測上面不確定度的評估做介紹，最後簡介標準氣體的配製方法及其應用在環境監測儀器校正與氣體純度檢測的關係，藉此讀讀者能對參考物質及標準氣體有更深的認識。

關鍵字

參考物質 ； 驗證標準物質 ； 標準氣體 ； 可追溯性 ； 靜態稀釋配製法 ； 動態稀釋配製法

並列摘要

This paper introduces the role of reference materials in metrology and, to be more specific, in analytical measurement. Emphasis in this article will be mainly placed on gaseous reference materials which is employed in large variety and quantity in air pollution related research and industrial applications. The classification and traceability of gas standards will be discussed based on NIST's definitions and examples. To cope with the advent of clean air act of US a leveraging program to proliferate primary standard capacity with the participation of commercial gas companies is also introduced. For frequent users of gas standards special attention should be paid to the aspects of the preparation methods and the range of uncertainty associated with the commercial products so that better estimate in the measurement accuracy can be obtained. In the second part of the paper numerous methods classified as either static dilution method or dynamic dilution method for preparing gas standards will be reviewed and compared.

並列關鍵字

Reference Materials' RMs ； Certified Reference Material' CRM ； Gaseous Standard Mixtures ； Traceability ； Static Dilution Method ； Dynamic Dilution Method