固氮酵素及其相關的模擬化合物

Nitrogenases and Relevant Biomimetic Compounds

張雅合(Ya-Ho Chang) ； 吳啟敬(Chi-Chin Wu) ； 許鏵芬(Hua-Fen Hsu)

《化學》 67卷2期 (2009/06) Pp. 109-118

https://doi.org/10.6623/chem.2009010

摘要

固氮酵素可以催化自然界氮氣到氨氣的轉換，相較於工業界製造氨氣所使用的哈伯法需要在高溫高壓下進行，固氮酵素卻只要在常溫常壓下就可以進行氮氣的還原。此酵素雖然被研究許久，但直到近二十年對它的結構才有較清楚的了解，但對於其催化反應機制的認知到目前為止仍是非常模糊，此篇文章主要針對其結構、光譜和理論計算的研究作一些介紹。另外，為了解固氮反應的機制，有些研究著重在發展相關的金屬化合物，並且探討其對固氮酵素相關受質的活化與還原，在此也同時介紹這方面一些重要的例子。

關鍵字

固氮酵素 ； 固氮反應 ； 生物模擬化合物

並列摘要

Nitrogenase is a MgATP-dependent enzyme which reduce N_2 into NH_3 at ambient temperature and pressure with the concomitant reduction of 2H^+ to H_2. Compared to the Haber process that converts dintrogen at high pressure and temperature, biologaical nitrogen fixation occurs at 1 atm and room temperature. Despite the vigorous research on nitrogenase, the mechanistic understanding of this enzyme is still very limited. In this article, we review this enzyme, particularly on structural, theoretical and spectroscopic aspects. In addition, to understand the mechanistic step of nitrogen fixation carried by the enzyme, much effort has been made on synthetic metal complexes that either bind or activate small molecules relevant to nitrogen fixation. We also describe some examples here.

並列關鍵字

Nitrogenase ； Nitrogen fixation ； Biomimetic compound