影響幼兒利社會及其他相關因素之研究

A Study of Prosocial Behavior with Young Children and Its Relevant Factors

辛綺麗(Chi-Li Hsin) ； 翟敏如(Min-Ju Tsai)

《南台人文社會學報》 11期 (2014/05) Pp. 109-142

摘要

本研究旨在探討影響幼兒利社會與其它因素之關係，其中包括幼兒性別、年齡、父母對子女負向情緒的反應及幼兒氣質。研究對象為高雄市公立幼兒園4至6歲幼兒，蒐集問卷數有365份。研究工具有三：（一）「父母對幼兒負向情緒反應問卷」；（二）「幼兒氣質量表」，此兩項量表由幼兒之父母填答；（三）「幼兒利社會行為教師評定量表」，由幼兒之班級老師協助填寫。主要研究結果發現有四：（一）幼兒之利社會行為表現會因幼兒的年齡和性別而有顯著差異，女生利社會行為多於男生；大班利社會行為多於中班。（二）不同父母對子女負向情緒反應與利社會並未達到顯著差異。（三）幼兒氣質類型與分享及幫助行為有顯著差異，其中社交型幼兒比退縮型幼兒顯著有較多之分享行為。（四）幼兒氣質向度與利社會行為之間有發現部分顯著相關。依本研究結果提出研究及教學建議，以利未來培養幼兒利社會發展。

關鍵字

父母對子女負向情緒反應 ； 利社會行為 ； 氣質

並列摘要

This study investigated factors influencing the development of prosocial behavior in young children, including gender, age, parental reactions to negative emotions, and temperament. A total of 365 children, aged 4 to 6 years old and enrolled in public kindergartens in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, were the subjects. Three research tools were used. The Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale (CCNES) and Temperament Assessment Battery for Children (TABC) were administered to parents, and the Young Children’s Prosocial Behavior Scale (Teacher’s Version) were completed by teachers. The principal findings were as follows: 1. Children’s prosocial behaviors vary depending on age and gender, in that the number of prosocial behaviors for girls is significantly higher than that for boys, and the number of prosocial behaviors for kindergartners is significantly higher than that for preschoolers. 2. There is no significant difference between parental reactions to young children’s negative emotions and prosocial behaviors. 3. Children’s sharing and helping behaviors vary significantly according to their temperament types. Socializer-types may exhibit more sharing behaviors than withdrawal-types. 4. Young children’s temperament is significantly correlated with some types of prosocial behaviors. Based on the findings of this study, suggestions for developing prosocial behaviors in young children are provided for researchers and educators.

並列關鍵字

Parental reactions to children's negative emotions ； prosocial behavior ； temperament