陶行知的生活教育觀：兼論對幼兒教育之啟示

Tao Xingzhi's concept of life education and its implication on early childhood education

張耀宗(Yao-Chung Chang)

《慈濟科技大學學報》 10期=總34 (2021/06) Pp. 199-218

摘要

本文的主要目的在於探討陶行知（1891-1946）的生活教育觀，並兼論其對幼兒教育之啟示。本文係採文獻探討法，從《陶行知文集（修訂本）》中演繹、歸納陶行知的生活教育觀。陶行知認為一個完整的人，應具備下列三種要素：一、要有健康的身體；二、要有獨立的思想；三、要有獨立的職業。在生活教育觀點上，他主張生活即教育、社會即學校和教學做合一，更重要的在於在勞力上勞心。從他的生活教育觀，本文歸納四點對幼兒教育之啟示：一、將生活視為教學內涵；二、將社會視為學校；三、與幼兒共同生活的心態；四、提供幼兒探索思考的機會。

關鍵字

陶行知 ； 生活教育 ； 幼兒教育

並列摘要

The main purpose of this article is to explore Tao Xingzhi's (1891-1946) life education concept, and also discuss its implications to early childhood education. This article adopts the literature review method, and deducing and summarizing Tao Xingzhi's life education concept from ＂Tao Xingzhi's Anthology (Revised Edition)＂. Tao believed that a whole person should have the following three elements: First, to have a healthy body; Second, to have independent thinking; Third, to have an independent profession. From the idea of Tao's life education, he advocated that 'life is education', 'society is school', 'teaching and learning and reflective action as one', and 'thinking through working'. This article summarizes the four implications to early childhood education: First, regard life as the teaching content; Second, regard society as a school; Third, the attitude of living with young children; Fourth, provide opportunities for young children to reflect on their actions.

並列關鍵字

Tao Xingzhi ； life education ； early childhood education

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