以PIRLS閱讀理解歷程為基礎之「提問」策略教學

Teaching of Questioning Strategies: Based on the Reading Comprehension Process of PIRLS

潘世尊(Shih-Tsun Pan)

《弘光學報》 78期 (2016/09) Pp. 147-161

https://doi.org/10.6615/HAR.201609.78.11

摘要

近十年來，閱讀理解策略的教學逐漸受到國內教育工作者的重視。「促進國際閱讀素養研究」（Progress in International Reading Literacy Study，簡稱PIRLS），在這過程扮演重要角色。PIRLS認為閱讀理解包含直接提取、直接推論、詮釋整合與檢驗評估等四種歷程。過往，主要由教師提出和這四類閱讀理解歷程有關之問題。讓學生在閱讀理解過程中能自行提出這四類問題，不但可協助學生獲得較佳的閱讀理解，還能幫助學生成為一位較為自主的閱讀者。教師在教導學生提出以PIRLS的閱讀理解歷程為基礎之問題時，首先必須釐清這四類問題的意涵與範疇。其次，教師可運用認知學徒制所倡導的教學策略進行教學。最後，教師可將提問閱讀策略教學整合入國語文「課」的教學，逐步引導學生理解直接提取、直接推論、詮釋整合與檢驗評估這四類問題的意涵，並能在閱讀後適當提出這四類問題。

關鍵字

閱讀 ； 閱讀理解 ； 閱讀策略 ； 閱讀策略教學

並列摘要

The teaching of reading comprehension strategies has been increasingly emphasized by elementary school teachers in Taiwan over the past 10 years. This increased emphasis has primarily been caused by the International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS). The PIRLS states that reading comprehension consists of the following four different processes: ＂focus on and retrieve explicitly stated information,＂ ＂make straightforward inferences,＂ ＂interpret and integrate ideas and information,＂ and ＂examine and evaluate content, language, and textual elements.＂ Previously, questions related to these four types of reading comprehension processes were mainly asked by teachers. Enabling students to apply such questions can not only help them strengthen their reading comprehension, but can also help them become more autonomous readers. Teachers should clarify the meanings and implications of these four types of questions before teaching their students to formulate questions in accordance with the reading comprehension process of the PIRLS. Teachers should also use the teaching strategies advocated by ＂cognitive apprenticeship＂ to help students learn how to pose questions effectively. Finally, teachers should integrate the teaching of question-asking strategies into the instruction of Mandarin lessons to help students gradually understand the meanings and implications of the four types of questions based on the PIRLS reading comprehension process, and can appropriately formulate these four types of questions after reading.

並列關鍵字

reading ； reading comprehension ； reading strategy ； teaching of reading strategies

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