王應麟《尚書》學析論－以詮釋方法及其經典論述為考察中心

An Analysis of Wang Ying-li's Study of Book of Documents: Based on Hermeneutics and the Presentation of Classics

閻耀棕(Yen Yao-Tsung)

《東海大學圖書館館刊》 31期 (2018/07) Pp. 17-50

摘要

漢唐《尚書》學典範的崩解，令宋代《尚書》學者必須重新審思詮釋方法，進而能於經典論述中聚焦，以構築能解經明道的新典範。歷經兩宋學者多方嘗試，迄至宋末元初，王應麟和合呂祖謙、朱熹、陸九淵三家學術，資以統整總結兩宋《尚書》學，在《尚書》學史上極具意義。故本文以詮釋方法與經典論述為中心，詳加考察其統整總結之歷程與成果，冀能有助於釐清宋代《尚書》學典範的構築與型態。據本文考察，王應麟建構先格物、續窮理、終明本心之詮釋方法，產生具周延性的經義，進而聚焦於智識與道德，闡明具周延性的聖人之道。王應麟《尚書》學的特點，即是藉由統整總結，萃聚出周延性。此外，本文也發現，清人所謂宋學的周延性不足，故不宜高估其對於宋代《尚書》學的代表性。事實上，宋學、漢學兩種類型的《尚書》學所以爭訟不休，周延性不足是根本原因，而清人從漢宋相爭到漢宋兼采，亦是踵繼王應麟追求周延性的進路，重新構築清代解經明道的新典範。

關鍵字

王應麟 ； 《尚書》 ； 《尚書》學史 ； 詮釋方法 ； 經典論述

並列摘要

Due to the disintegration of the paradigm of the Han Dynasty's and Tang Dynasty's studies of Book of Documents in the Song Dynasty, the scholar during the Song period had have to reconsider the hermeneutic method and, further, focus on the method of the presentation of classics to reconstruct the new paradigm in interpretation and understanding. After the studies and tries in two distinct periods of the Song Dynasty, the contribution of Wang Ying-Lin integrated Lv Zu-Qian, Zhu Xi, Lu Jiu-yuan, who had organized the studies of Book of Documents, has been meaningful in the history of the study of Book of Documents. The present study is to adopt the hermeneutics and the method of the presentation of classics to review literature deeply and integrate with the processes and results in the field. Finally, the study will provide benefits to construction and model of the paradigm of studies of Books of Documents. Based on the review and integration, Wang Ying-lin's interpretation focused on investigating the things in the first place, furthermore, fathoming the principle, and eventually understanding and enlightening the true, real and precise meanings. Moreover, it can generate absolute Jingyi (literally, meanings of classics) and further focus on absolute wisdom and ethics to represent absolute the path of being the saint. The characteristic of Wang Ying-Lin's studies of Books of Documents is the ＂absoluteness＂ by his integration. Besides, the present study also found out that the scholars in the Qing Dynasty argued that the Song school lacked ＂absoluteness＂, so the representative of the Song school could not be overestimated. Literally, a deficiency of absoluteness was the underlying cause for the constant debate between the Song school and the Han school. The scholars in the Qing Dynasty initially had the conflict between the acceptance of the Han school and the Song school, and further they accepted the advantages of both schools, which was to follow and pursue Wang Ying-lin's steps of absoluteness. The new paradigm in the Qing Dynasty of interpreting the classics and understanding the meanings was reconstructed.

並列關鍵字

Wang Ying-li ； Book of Documents ； history of the study of Book of Documents ； hermeneutic method ； presentation of classics