程世爵《笑林廣記》嘲諷官員之內容及意圖

明清時期笑話書甚為流行，「笑話」除了娛樂的作用之外，更有寄寓人民刺諷、揭示社會現實的功能，而富有時代的特質。因此，本文擬以程世爵《笑林廣記》所輯錄的官場笑話為主要研究對象，析論《笑林廣記》所輯錄的官場笑話之主題內容與隱含著以此匡正時弊的意圖。通過研究可歸納為兩個觀察重點，首先是部份官員暈庸無能，缺乏任官基本能力，以致胥吏弄權，程世爵用之以揭發清朝浮濫的「捐官制度」。其次，許多笑話旨在突顯官員為官並未遵守官員應有之分際，恣意搜刮，導致百姓苦不堪言，程世爵透過這些看似「荒誕不經」的笑話，對官場惡行加以針砭，藉以抨擊官員的無能與墮落，在嘻笑怒罵間深藏著作家深深的隱痛與焦慮，意涵深刻。

關鍵字

笑話；程世爵；《笑林廣記》；官場文化

並列摘要

Joke books in the Ming and Qing Dynasties are very popular. In addition to the role of entertainment, ＂jokes＂, this style with its profound characteristics of the times, has the function of revealing social reality and reflecting people's resentment metaphor. Therefore, this article intends to use the officials' jokes recorded by Cheng Shi-jue's Xia Lin Guang Ji as the main research text. Besides, some other political, economic, social and historical materials of the Qing Dynasty are included to restore the officialism of its times presented in Xia Lin Guang Ji. Through this study, we can find that the officials' jokes recorded by Cheng Shi-jue clearly reflect the unique official culture of the Qing Dynasty, such as the sale of official positions, the regulation of wealth accumulation, the officials' corruption, the over-widespread system of surviving officials, and so on. And from the moral aspects, he slammed the incompetence and degeneration of the officials and denounced the locusts of the innocent and ruthless country. Through this article, we also find that Cheng Shi-jue, through these seemingly ＂absurd＂ jokes, has made a slap at the corruption of officialism scornfully and ironically, which also implies the intention of being able to correct the right and wrong.