社區營造、政策類型與網絡治理－「六星計畫」比較分析

Community Empowerment, Policy Types, and Network Governance: A Comparative Analysis on Taiwan Healthy Community Six‐star Plan

江大樹(Ta-Shu Chiang) ； 張力亞(Li-Ya Chang)

《政策與人力管理》 3卷2期 (2012/12) Pp. 1-42

https://doi.org/10.29944/PPM.201212.0001

摘要

臺灣社區政策之推動，從早期政府「由上而下」主導基層建設，一九九○年代因應民主化發展，變成強調「由下而上」公民參與，晚近則轉為重視「網絡治理」的協力合作模式。社區營造固然應以民間社會自主運作為原則，但綜觀近二十年的實務運作，迄今仍面臨政府應否及如何引導的爭議與困境。本文藉由網絡治理與政策類型等概念，並以「六星計畫」為例，探討我國社區營造政策的治理課題。筆者研究發現，社區營造政策呈現行動主體多樣性，及所需資源具差異性等兩項運作特質；而六星計畫的網絡治理問題主要有三：各類社造方案間的整合性目標不顯著、政府經費補助運作不當，及政策的不延續性。就此，本文主張應該斟酌政策網絡中各行為者如：地方政府、非營利組織、社區發展協會，及基層民眾的態度與自主性，分別針對產業發展、社福醫療、社區治安、人文教育、環境景觀、環保生態等不同社區營造面向，採取多元化或混合式的網絡治理策略。

關鍵字

社區營造 ； 政策類型 ； 網絡治理 ； 臺灣健康社區六星計畫

並列摘要

Since 1994, community empowerment has gradually transformed the models of policy implementation into collaboration networks. In 2005, the Executive Yuan proposed ＂Taiwan healthy community six-star plan＂, includes industrial development, community based healthcare, community safety, humanities education, scenic development, and environmental protection. Policy implementation of community empowerment must depend on publicprivate partnerships and collaboration networks. This study explores the complex partnerships and collaboration networks models that are in the sixstar plan. We describe the policy dimensions of the network governance and interaction between policy and actors. The authors found that the Taiwan Healthy Community Six-Star Plan had three problems: the integrative goals of the different community empowerment policy types were unclear, the public resources and policy continuity of the different community empowerment policies were not well. But we also found two policy characters: variety actors and different resource. According to those special policy characters, We suggest multiple models of network governance.

並列關鍵字

Community Empowerment ； Policy Types ； Network Governance ； Taiwan Healthy Community Six-star Plan