階級化親職場域與教養益品追求－高雄市某國小學童安親班的個案研究

不同社經地位家庭的教養策略與情境大不相同，拼貼出階級差異與不平等的社會圖像。本研究的核心問題是階級經驗如何影響父母對教養的看法，從而形塑出不同的教養策略與風格。奠基於華人「拚教養」的研究啟迪之下，本研究以高雄市一間私立課後輔導教育機構為參與觀察單位，立意選擇高雄市鼓山區與左營區的三間具代表性之國民小學之家長為研究對象，探討高雄市市區之中產階級與勞工階級父母，如何認知家庭當下與未來的教養機會、風險與不安全，從而影響其養兒育女的想像與教養方式。本研究探索背後的結構性因素（階級化親職場域），及想要了解階級經驗如何影響父母對教養的看法，從而形塑出不同的教養策略與益品追求。研究發現臺灣南北階級差異的教育圖像主要為在階級落差之下呈現出親職敘事與教養策略的異同。在中產階級方面，南北相同處在於多元補習、非學業性的社團活動的普遍；教養策略的明顯差異反映在學習的工具性價值。勞工階級家庭則相同於現實童年的親職敘事及象徵性寵愛的教養策略；雖然皆不認同將體罰視作必要的教養手段方式，但教養實作上卻有著明顯的相異處。

關鍵字

階級化親職；教養益品；中產階級；勞工階級；高雄市

並列摘要

The parenting strategies and situations of families of various socioeconomic status could differ substantially, collaging a societal image of class disparity and inequality. The core research question of the current study is to examine how people’s class-specific experience affects their views of parenting and bring about particular parenting strategies and styles subsequently on their children. Inspired by the findings of a longitudinal study conducted by Dr. Pei-chia Lan on context-sensitive parenting strategies of ethnic Chinese parents in the Great Taipei area and in the US, to make a comparative study, we chose a private after-school cram school in Kaohsiung as the primary site for our project, investigating the parents whose children attended three representative elementary schools in Gushan and Zuoying Districts. We would like to know how these middle- and working-class parents assess their current and future parenting opportunities, risks, and uncertainties, and how these assessments may affect their following parenting decisions. Our findings showed that differences existed in parenting styles of parents who resided in Kaohsiung, compared with those who lived in the Great Taipei area. For middle-class parents, parents in Kaohsiung and Taipei tended to send their children to after-school schools for academic advancement and extending their children's extracurricular activities and interests. However, these middle-class parents from the two cities differed in their instrumental values on studying. For working-class parents in both cities, however, their parenting styles stemmed from their childhood experience, and they adopted strategies such as symbolic adoration. Despite the fact that parents of middle- and working-class both disapproved of corporal punishment as a means of parenting, they differed in parenting practices significantly.

並列關鍵字

Socioeconomic Status ； Parenting ； Childrearing Strategy ； Kaohsiung City

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