- 期刊
Chemistry of Organophosphonate Scale Growth lnhibitors: 3. Physicochemical Aspects of 2-Phosphonobutane-1,2,4-Tricarboxylate (PBTC) And Its Effect on CaCO_3 Crystal Growth
摘要
This study reports various physicochemical aspects of the chemistry of PBTC that include inhibition of CaCO_3 crystal growth and modification properties under severe conditions of high CaCO_3 supersaturation, stability towards oxidizing microbiocides and tolerance towards precipitation with Ca^(2+). Industrial water systems often suffer from undesirable inorganic deposits, such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphates, calcium sulfate, magnesium silicate, and others. Synthetic water additives, such as phosphonates and phosphonocarboxylates, are the most important and widely utilized scale inhibitors in a plethora of industrial applications including cooling water, geothermal drilling, desalination, etc. The design of efficient and cost-effective inhibitors, as well as the study of their structure and function at the molecular level are important areas of research. This study reports various physicochemical aspects of the chemistry of PBTC (PBTC = 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid), one of the most widely used scale inhibitors in the cooling water treatment industry. These aspects include its CaCO_3 crystal growth inhibition and modification properties under severe conditions of high CaCO_3 supersaturation, stability towards oxidizing microbiocides and tolerance towards precipitation with Ca^(2+). Results show that 15 ppm of PBTC can inhibit the formation of by ~35 %, 30 ppm by ~40 %, and 60 ppm by ~44 %. PBTC is virtually stable to the effects of a variety of oxidizing microbiocides, including chlorine, bromine and others. PBTC shows excellent tolerance towards precipitation as its Ca salt. Precipitation in a 1000 ppm Ca^(2+) (as CaCO_3) occurs after 185 ppm PBTC are present.
關鍵字
phosphonates ； carboxylates ； PBTC ； calcium carbonate ； crystal modifiers ； inhibition ； biocides延伸閱讀
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