國小老師面對少子化問題的知覺與因應策略之研究

The Investigation Research of Primary School Teachers’ Responses on Facing the Impacts of Declining Birth Rate

蔡銘津(Ming-Jin Tsai) ； 林甄盈(Chen-Ying Lin)

《人文社會電子學報》 10卷1期 (2014/09) Pp. 123-135

摘要

本研究主要目的在於了解國小教師對少子化問題知覺及其因應策略之現況，及不同背景變項間的差異情形，並探討少子化問題知覺與因應策略之相關程度與有效預測程度。本研究根據區域代表性進行分層取樣，再依學校與人數比例抽樣，針對台南市國小專職教師進行研究，共得有效問卷347 份。研究發現，在少子化問題下，教師面對親師溝通的因應策略較高。在因應策略上，教師在變革適應與教學環境的因應策略較為積極。當教師面對教學環境問題時，較常採取心理取向策略；面對變革適應的問題時，較常採取問題取向策略；面對工作負荷、教學方法與親師溝通時，則無差異存在。針對不同背景變項來看，男性教師在少子化問題知覺比女性教師高；資淺的教師比資深的教師高，且常採取因應策略來處理。在變革適應上，鄉鎮地區的教師比市區的教師為佳。此外，在少子化的問題下，教師的心理取向策略與教學環境呈負相關，問題取向策略與變革適應呈正相關。教師在教學環境的少子化問題知覺程度，能預測其「心理取向策略」；教師在變革適應的少子化問題知覺程度，能預測其「問題取向策略」取向。本研究歸納研究結果並提出具體建議，以供學校當局與教師的參考。

關鍵字

少子化 ； 國小教師 ； 問題知覺 ； 因應策略

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to understand the situation of primary school teachers’ perception and coping strategies under the trend of fewer Children and analyze the difference between the degree of teachers’ perception and coping strategies with different background. It also explored the relationship and make effective predictions between them. The methodology of this study was a questionnaire survey by using stratified sampling from regional representative and then used proportional sampling base on enrolled students. Full time teachers in Tainan city were selected to participate in the study and the valid questionnaires were 347. The findings indicated that teachers have higher degree of perception for problem orientation. In coping strategies, teachers are more positive for Parent-teacher communication. The teachers of male have higher degree of perception than teachers of female for the decreasing birth rate problem. Junior teachers have higher degree of psychological perception than senior teachers. As for change adaption, it will affect teachers in rural area more than in urban area. Besides, under the trend of fewer children in teaching environment, there is a positive correlation between problem-orientated perception and change adaption, however, teaching environment and psychological perception have negative correlation. Hence, teachers can predict teaching environment strategies with degree of psychological perception and predict change adaption strategies with degree of problem-orientated perception Based upon the above conclusions, the research offers several suggestions for the reference to the schools and teachers.

並列關鍵字

the decreasing birth rate ； Primary school teachers ； The awareness on problem ； Coping strategies