毒品施用除罪化之民意研究-以經濟、犯罪、司法及處遇因素為例

A Study of Public Opinion on Decriminalization of Drug Use: From the Perspectives of Economic, Criminal, Judicial and Treatment Factors

林宗鍵 ； 顧以謙 ； 許華孚

《藥物濫用防治》 1卷1期 (2016/06) Pp. 41-77

https://doi.org/10.6645/JSAR.2016.1.1.3

摘要

近年國際上開始推動毒品施用者除罪化趨勢，然而台灣毒品施用除罪化議題仍然保持爭議，尤其在民意上並無法得到一致的結論，社會接受度並不高。本研究為探勘性研究，研究目的為透過採納對應分析(correspondence analysis)及群集分析(cluster analysis)，以經濟、犯罪及司法及處遇因素為分析變項，說明犯罪、經濟、司法判決及處遇因素所形成的支系分佈，並探勘出與毒品施用除罪化之民意變異量有相同頻率及樣態之關鍵因素。研究結果指出，台灣極端支持吸食毒品除罪化之民意近四年來相當穩定，但極端反對吸食毒品除罪化之民意則變動幅度大。此外，對應分析結果指出「違反毒品危害防制條例案件裁判確定有期徒刑逾15年人數」、「大麻查獲量」為影響「施用毒品除罪化民意」之關鍵司法及處遇因素。再者，「物價指數年增率」（Annual Changes in Consumer Price Index）和「國民所得NI」（Notional Income）為影響「施用毒品除罪化民意」之關鍵經濟因素。最後，研究結果也指出，「毒品施用除罪化民意」贊成與否之變異量分布，和多重背景因素有相同樣態， 顯示背景結構之共同變動關係。本研究建議，政府應重視「毒品施用除罪化民意」之經濟因素與司法及處遇因素，並即時開放政府資料大數據，補助學術單位進行分析，以善用數據資料庫之功能，並作為未來推動毒品除罪化或其配套方案之參考依據。最後，本研究建議政府應定期追蹤民眾對於毒品施用除罪化之意見，持續舉辦民意公聽會，以利未來毒品防治政策之推動及落實。

關鍵字

毒品施用除罪化 ； 民意觀感 ； 對應分析 ； 群集分析

並列摘要

In recent years, the promotion of decriminalization of drug use has become a trend worldwide. However, decriminalization of drug use remains a controversial issue in Taiwan. In particular, public opinion reached no consensus. Decriminalization of drug use is not universally acceptable in the society. This is an exploratory study which adopts correspondence analysis and cluster analysis with economic, criminal, judicial and treatment factors as the analytical variables. Based on the above, the study explains the derivative distributions formed by the criminal, economic, judicial decision and treatment factors and further explores the key factors which exhibit the same frequency and patterns of the variance of public opinion on decriminalization of drug use. The results of the study demonstrate that the public opinion extremely supporting decriminalization of drug use has remained relatively stable in Taiwan in recent four years while the public opinion extremely opposing decriminalization of drug use has changed at a significant level. In addition, the results of the correspondence analysis suggest that the ＂number of people confirmed to be sentenced to at least 15-year imprisonment due to violations against Drug Prevention and Control Act＂ and ＂seized quantity of marijuana＂ are the major judicial and treatment factors affecting ＂public opinion on decriminalization of drug use＂ respectively. Moreover, the ＂annual changes in consumer price index＂ and ＂national income＂ (NI) are the major economic factors. Finally, the results of the study also reveal that the variance distribution of “public opinion on (either for or against) decriminalization of drug use＂ presents the same patterns as multiple background factors. This explains the common changes shared by public opinion and background structures. It is suggested that our government should value the economic, judicial and treatment factors relating to “public opinion on decriminalization of drug use”, timely opens the channels accessing to the big data possessed by it and subsidizes academic units for analyses. The realization of the above suggested actions will enable the academic units to make good use of the functions of the governmental database and the analytical results contributed by the academic units can serve as a reference for promoting decriminalization of drug use and package solutions in the future. Finally, it is suggested that our government should periodically survey public opinion on decriminalization of drug use and continuously hold public hearing for the purpose of future promotion and implementation of drug prevention and control policies.

並列關鍵字

decriminalization of drug use ； public opinion ； correspondence analysis ； cluster analysis