大麻作為醫療用途之合法性探究：借鏡德國法

Assessing the legalization of cannabis for the purpose of medical use in Taiwan: eferring drug laws in Germany

馬躍中(Yueh-Chung Ma)

《藥物濫用防治》 3卷4期 (2018/12) Pp. 63-76

https://doi.org/10.6645/JSAR.201812_3(4).4

摘要

這兩年國際上對於大麻除罪化的呼聲愈來愈高，隨著全球化的發展，大麻合法化的政策也影響著我國未來的毒品政策，因而形成在2016的夏天，有網友在國發會公共政策網路參與平台提案「二級毒品大麻調降至三級毒品與開放管制醫療研究」，同時大麻施用者，也有成長的態勢。針對大麻合法化的探討，在層次上，應可以分為「娛樂用」大麻；或是「醫療用」大麻，前者必須要回到毒品危害防制條例，針對毒品分類的標準：「成癮性」、「濫用性」以及「社會危害性」；後者則須考慮，大麻作為醫療用途是否可以達到，使病患恢復健康以及降低病患痛苦。德國政府於2017年1月19日修正麻藥法第3條第2項：「例外的狀態可以允許學術上或其它基於公眾利益」許可自栽種大麻。本文認為，大麻現階段應該沒有開放成「娛樂用品」之必要，然而，似乎可以考慮是否開放大麻作為醫療用途，德國修法歷程中所遇到的困難點，也可以作為我國未來立法之參考。

關鍵字

大麻合法化 ； 醫療用途 ； 成癮性 ； 濫用性 ； 社會危害性

並列摘要

In the past two years, the international call for the decriminalization of marijuana has become higher. With the development of globalization, the policy of legalization of marijuana has also affected Taiwan’s future drug policy. We can see that in the summer of 2016, the public policy network participation platform proposal ＂Secondary drug cannabis was reduced to tertiary drug and open control medical research＂, while advocates also have a growing trend. At the level of cannabis legalization, it should be divided into ＂entertainment＂ marijuana; or ＂medical＂ cannabis, the former must return to the drug hazard prevention regulations, the criteria for drug classification: ＂addiction ＂Abuse＂ and ＂social harm＂; the latter must consider whether marijuana can be achieved for medical purposes, to restore health and reduce patient suffering. On January 19, 2017, the German government amended Article 3, item 2 of the Anesthetic Law: ＂The status of the exception may allow academic or other public interest to permit the cultivation of cannabis. This paper believes that marijuana should not be open to ＂entertainment supplies＂ at this stage. However, it seems that we can consider whether to open cannabis for medical purposes. The difficulties encountered in the course of German revision can also serve as a reference for future legislation in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

legalization of marijuana ； medical use ； addiction ； abuse ； social harm