毒品施用者司法處遇效能之定群研究

A Panel Study on The Effectiveness of Drug Abuser's Legal Treatments

楊冀華(Chi-Hwa Yang) ； 林健陽(Chien-Yang Lin) ； 陳佑杰(Yu-Chieh Chen) ； 陳玉書(Yu-Shu Chen)

《藥物濫用防治》 5卷2期 (2020/06) Pp. 55-88

https://doi.org/10.6645/JSAR.202006_5(2).3

摘要

我國毒品施用者司法處遇政策發展多元，實有必要以客觀實證資料檢視何種司法處遇較能減少或延緩毒品施用者再犯。本研究主要目的在透過1,448名毒品施用者約14年的定群追蹤，以檢驗毒品司法處遇效能和觀察接受不同司法處遇後的再犯情形。研究結果顯示，2000-2014年間研究樣本的再犯率為81.1%，未再犯率為18.9%；歷經7次司法處遇後累積未再犯率為55.5%；經過多次司法處遇可協助部分毒品施用者免於再犯。再犯罪名以施用毒品罪居多，其次為財產犯罪；隨處遇次數增加，再犯類型越集中於施用毒品；接受司法處遇後2年內為再犯高風險期，隨處遇次數增加存活時距越短。無論降低再犯率或延緩再犯，社區處遇優於觀察勒戒或強制戒治，觀察勒戒或強制戒治優於監禁或混合型態處遇，保安處分優於刑罰；最後根據研究結果探討毒品施用者司法處遇之意涵與政策建議。

關鍵字

毒品施用者 ； 司法處遇 ； 政策效能 ； 定群研究

並列摘要

There are various legal treatments for drug abusers in Taiwan. It is crucial to examine which legal treatment is more effective in reducing or delaying drug abuser's recidivism based on the objective empirical evidence. The purpose of the current study was to examine legal treatment effectiveness and observe the recidivism of 1,448 drug abusers releasing from different legal treatments by 14-year panel data. Results showed that the recidivism rate was 81.1% and the non-recidivism rate was 18.9% from 2000 to 2014. However, the cumulative non-recidivism rate increased to 55.5% after receiving seven different legal treatments. It is possible to prevent some drug abusers from recidivism through multiple legal treatments. Nevertheless, illegal drug use remained the largest proportion of recidivism, followed by property crime. As the number of drug abuser's legal treatments increased, the recidivism type was more concentrated on illegal drug use. In terms of survival time, it reached the peak of recidivism within two years after treatment. As times of legal treatment increased, the survival time decreased. Obviously, community treatment is more effective than compulsory abstention to reduce recidivism or delay recidivism. Compulsory abstention is better than imprisonment or mixed treatment model; rehabilitative measure outweighs penalty. Based on research findings, the policy implication and suggestion for drug abuser's legal treatment are discussed.

並列關鍵字

drug abuser ； legal treatment ； policy effectiveness ； panel study