大麻除罪化對青少年身心影響之研究趨勢與關連性探究：文獻計量分析

Research Trends and Relevance Exploration of the Effects of Cannabis Decriminalization on Adolescents: A Bibliometric Analysis

林君翰(Chin-Han Lin)

《藥物濫用防治》 5卷4期 (2020/12) Pp. 93-123

https://doi.org/10.6645/JSAR.202012_5(4).4

摘要

有鑑於大麻的使用人口日益增加，並且出現年輕化的趨勢，再加上近年來國際上陸續出現政府對大麻逐步除罪化的政策，意謂著大麻的可得性將日益提升。為避免增加青少年族群在使用大麻後，進一步接觸其他更具危害性毒品的風險，本研究透過文獻計量分析的方式，根據Scopus資料庫的科學文獻進行分析，統整有關大麻對青少年影響的發表狀況及演進，瞭解學術界以青少年為主體的大麻使用研究之關注焦點，以確定該族群在大麻使用上所需注意的層面。研究發現，超過93%和大麻對青少年影響相關的科學文獻，均出現在1990年之後。以發表的國家來說，美國在大麻對青少年影響的相關研究中位居領導的地位，且其發表量分別與加拿大與英國存在正相關。此外，無論是在發表的期刊、作者或是大學而言，都已出現該領域的主流。不僅如此，本研究亦發現對大麻解封之國家累積數量與每年大麻對青少年影響之科學文獻發表量及累積發表量之間皆具有正相關。反觀亞洲國家，無論是在此方面的研究發表量或是研究的範圍，都遠不及歐、美洲國家。大麻的使用和親子關係、同儕認同壓力、課業壓力、生活壓力及合法物質濫用有關；對青少年會產生體能低下、情緒表達障礙、不正常性行為及犯罪行為等影響，而且持續到成年；改善親子關係、適時的干預與輔導，以及完善的立法限制，都是避免青少年成為大麻依賴的措施。大麻不僅對青少年帶來危害，也會對社會和國家的造成深遠的影響，政府該如何在全球大麻逐步除罪化的潮流中找到妥適的平衡點，成為近年來最嚴峻的考驗。

關鍵字

青少年 ； 大麻 ； 除罪化 ； 文獻計量分析

並列摘要

The population of cannabis users is daily increasing, and also getting younger as well. In addition, the government's policy of gradually lifting cannabis restrictions has emerged in the world in recent years, which means the availability of cannabis is going to increase day by day. In order to avoid increasing the risk of further exposure to other more harmful drugs after cannabis use among adolescents, this study analyzes the scientific literature in the Scopus database by bibliometric analysis to integrate the publication and evolution status of the effects of cannabis on adolescents. Understanding the focus of research on cannabis use to adolescents in academia, to determine the section of attention that this ethnic group needs to pay attention to in cannabis use. It was found that more than 93% of the scientific literature related to the effects of cannabis on adolescents published after 1990. In terms of countries of publications, the United States is in a leading position in research on the effects of cannabis on adolescents, which is positively correlated with Canada and the United Kingdom. In addition, whether it is in published journals, authors or universities, the mainstream in this field has emerged. This study also found that there is a positive correlation between the cumulative number of countries that have lifted cannabis restrictions and the number of scientific literatures of the effects of cannabis on adolescents each year, the cumulative number of scientific literatures as well. However, neither the number nor the scope of the research, Asian countries are far behind those of Europe and America. The use of cannabis is related to parent-child relationship, peer identification pressure, academic pressure, life pressure and legal substance abuse. It makes low physical fitness, emotional expression disorders, abnormal sexual behaviors and criminal behaviors on adolescents, and continues into adulthood. Improving parent-child relationships, timely intervention and counseling, and complete legislative restrictions are the measures to prevent adolescents from becoming dependent on cannabis. Cannabis not only harms adolescents, but also has a profound impact on societies and the countries. How the government to find a proper balance in the trend of lifting cannabis restrictions has become the most severe test in recent years.

並列關鍵字

Adolescent ； Cannabis ； Bibliometric Analysis