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  • 會議論文

佛教對於中國飲食的影響

Buddhism And Chinese Eating

摘要


首先說明佛教的教義,佛教的教主釋迦牟尼佛,祂不是世界的創造者,也不是宇宙萬物的主宰者,更不是仙或是神,祂是一位有智慧的覺悟者,在世間覺悟了宇宙萬有是因緣聚合,有生有滅本性空的道理,對於世間的一切皆依因果法則在循環。主張一切有生命者,皆是平等,並且提倡慈悲心,不忍心去傷害有生命者,所以佛教教義是以慈悲為本,在慈悲的實踐下,能給他人之樂為慈,能拔濟他人之苦為悲,因此不見可瞋可恨,而有見可憐可憫的有情,寧可犧牲自己的生命,以求得和平快樂的人間。為此佛陀便立下戒殺的戒條,不得食有生命之肉、更不可有傷害生命之心,否則會斷去慈悲善種,所以修行的僧侶,只有以五穀蔬菜為食物,也就是一般人所謂的素食。由於中國僧侶及信仰者,大多秉持佛教的教義和佛陀偉大的訓誠,都能始終如一,嚴謹的遵行慈悲為懷的精神。再則,談到中國的飲食,中華民族自古以來,就懂得生活情趣,因為中國領土廣大,歷史悠久,物產豐富,就各地環境、氣候、風俗等等多有殊異和特色,所以南北方的飲食不同,烹調技術也各有獨特的方法,再加上花樣多變,形成名貴高尚且不同凡響的風味,因此中國飲食聞名世界,無人不知、無人不曉,這正是充滿色香味的中國飲食。另外,中國人通常不忌葷素,什麼都可以上桌,曾有一位烹調的師傅說:除了天上飛的飛機和地上跑的汽車,以及二隻腳的人類之外,都能成為烹飪的材料,做為祭五臟廟的犧牲品。也許有些人,光是看著那些支離慘相,再連想它們曾經痛苦掙扎的樣子,大概會難以下嚥吧!那還會津津有味的去品嚐。因此中國的飲食,除了貪圖口味的快感之外,並不存在任何對有生命者,抱以憐憫的觀念,而純粹是一種生活的享受和樂趣。人類隨著時代的進步,加上現代文明產物普及,使得對外物質需求日亦俱增,尤其食方面,從古到今,越來越豐富,變化的口味及食用的種類也越來越新奇,再再顯示對食的貪得無厭,直到大眾開始注重素食,並了解其代表之意義,才漸漸察覺到,並非只有肉食,才能使人身強體健,同時藉著佛教教義的傳播,讓更多人了解,凡是有生命者都是平等可貴的,所以提醒大眾,切勿輕易傷害食用有生命者,在有形無形的推動下,灌輸慈悲的觀念,自然就不忍心讓自己的肚子,成為一座墳墓而導致身體不健康。這時文明的人類,便會產生慈悲側隱之心,想維護自己的生存,因此選擇以五穀蔬果為飲食。其實五穀蔬果具有營養,還可減少人體內的納和脂肪酸,以及膽固醇,並能增加食物纖維和澱粉。近代以來不分種族、不分宗教信仰,皆守著慈悲惻隱的心態去接受素食,因為根據健康方面的醫學人士發覺,肉類本身含有令人類容易引起病痛之元素。所以中國飲食,縱使可將葷食精心烹調得美味可口,但終究有其弊害。何不反過來看,素食同樣可以把五穀蔬果烹調得色香味俱全、營養成分得宜,如此之佳餚絕對不遜於葷食。由於素食日見普遍,也廣受歡迎,雖然不是極大的貢獻,卻也在中國飲食當中,有著絕對的肯定和地位。

關鍵字

無資料

並列摘要


Sakyamuni, the founteinhead of Buddhism, is not a God, nor the creator/master of the universe. Actually, he should be considered a wise discoverer. He realized that everything in the world must be recycled according to the principle of cause and effect. All living objects are equal and no one has the right to hurt others. He encouraged mercy and mutual-assistance so as to promote a peaceful and happy life. Therefore, he prohibited his follower s to kill any living things or eat their meat. Everyone should not intentionally hurt others. For this reason, monks and Buddhists only eat grains and vegetables with the purpose of maintaining the spirit of mercy. Owing to the long history and vast territory of China, Chinese people have developed many special cooking methods by using every kind of materials including meat and vegetables based on different environmentel factors. The colors, flavor and taste of Chinese food are attractive to most eaters in the world. They just wish to enjoy their live s without the least concern for mercy. In recent years, through medical research and scientific analysis, people begin to realize that too much meat- eating is harmful to health. Instead, grains and vegetabIes are even more nutritious and beneficial, as they reduce the chloride and cholesterol contents in the human body. This fact can be a good explanation for the Buddhist spirit of-No killing. When Chinese coo king method s are well used, if only for grains and vegetables, we can still have delicious dishes and food in our daily life.

並列關鍵字

無資料

被引用紀錄


林文琇(2013)。從素食到蔬食--台灣當代素食文化的形成與演變〔碩士論文,國立高雄餐旅大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0018-2205201308475800

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