近義詞「國外」、「外國」的比較及教學建議

A Comparison between ＂Guo-Wai＂ and ＂Wai-Guo＂ with Pedagogical Suggestions

陳爾薇(Erh-Wei Chen)

《臺大華語文教學研究》 3期 (2015/08) Pp. 25-52

https://doi.org/10.6664/NTUTCSL.201508_(3).0002

摘要

「國外」、「外國」二詞由同樣的字組成，僅字序不同，意思又十分相近，容易造成二語學習者在區辨上的困擾。華語教學的對象為外國學生，此二詞與之關係密切，若分辨清楚，將幫助他們自然地使用。本文由構詞與單字字義著手，研究「國外」、「外國」的語義及用法差異，發現「國外」常與「國內」情況作對比，「外國」則是用來表現「國籍」的差異。「國外」表示「本國以外地區」，「外國」則表「本國以外的國家」。二者皆可接「機構」、「公司」、「人」、「地點」、「物」，但「外國」還可表「本國以外的國家」的國家本身。二者通常不能互換，但如果「國外」在使用時隱含國籍之意，將可自然地調換為「外國」。若前接「在」、「到」、「向」等介詞，則使用「國外」最為自然。此切入點區辨容易，系統分明，相信能促進教學效率、提升學生學習的速度與精確程度。

關鍵字

國外 ； 外國 ； 近義詞 ； 華語教學

並列摘要

Guo-wai 'outside the country' and wai-guo 'foreign country' are composed of the same characters in different order. The words semantic similarity often makes it difficult for Chinese language learners to distinguish between them. Clarifying their differences can help students use them in a natural way. This paper studies the wordbuilding and different meanings of guo-wai and wai-guo, determining that guo-wai is often used to contrast guo-nei 'within the country', while wai-guo is used to show a difference in nationality. Guo-wai is ＂areas outside the country＂ while wai-guo means ＂a country or countries other than one's own.＂ Although they usually cannot replace one another, guo-wai that implies nationality can be substituted by wai-guo. Also, it is better to use guowai when there is a preposition such as zai 'in, on, at, etc.,' dao 'to', and xiang 'toward' in front. This concept for distinction is systematic and easy to master, and thus will enhance the efficiency of teaching and the speed and accuracy of learning Chinese for students.

並列關鍵字

guo-wai ； wai-guo ； words with similar meanings ； teaching Chinese as a second language