習近平總體國家安全觀下的反恐新戰爭

The Anti-Terrorist War under Xi Jinping's Overall National Security Concept

曾美智(Mei -jyh Tseng)

《國防大學通識教育學報》 8期 (2018/08) Pp. 89-107

摘要

恐怖主義是一種暴力工具，是一種可以被任何行為者用來達到它們某種政治和社會目的的工具，倫敦政經學院全民社會學程主任Mary Kaldor將這種新式的暴力稱之為「新戰爭」人們在分析和探索新戰爭的動機和根源時，通常將恐怖主義與戰爭、暴亂及革命等形式放在一起，將它們看成一個「暴力行為體系」，以尋求它們的共同根源。當代惡名昭彰的伊斯蘭國組織（Islamic State）經常在世界各地主導一系列恐怖攻擊事件，並將中國大陸新疆劃為勢力範圍，積極在東亞與東南亞地區招募信眾，加以長期以來，一直有新疆維爾族人不希望在政治上隸屬於中國大陸、不喜歡新疆地區的漢族移民，但是現在情況已有所不同，這其中有一些人去伊拉克、敘利亞參戰，使用的是聖戰語言，由於多國聯合反恐部隊在中東地區反恐戰事逐步取得勝利，中國大陸開始擔心這些恐怖份子會回到中國大陸製造血腥，相關研究數據顯示，從近年中國大陸國內發生的恐怖事件頻率和程度來看，中國大陸面臨的恐怖主義威脅已在持續增加中，恐怖主義活動相對頻繁出現，或將成爲中國大陸總體國家安全形勢威脅的新常態，中國大陸必須適應這種變化，並持續尋找針對這種形勢的應對策略。

關鍵字

總體國家安全觀 ； 恐怖主義 ； 分離主義 ； 非傳統安全 ； 反恐怖法

並列摘要

Terrorism is a means of violence and the one that can be used by any actor for his or her political and social purposes. When analyzing and exploring the motive and origin of terrorism, people usually put terrorism, violence, and revolution together and regard them as a ＂system of violent action＂ as a whole to seek after their common root. Islamic State often organizes series of terrorist attacks all over the world. Besides, it sees Xinjiang in China as its sphere of influence and recruits followers in East Asia and South East Asia areas. Furthermore, Vir people of Xinjiang, for a long time, have expected to be excluded from China and have been unable to get along with Han immigrants. Even worse, some of Vir people even went to join wars in Iraq and Syria, speaking the Jihad language. As a result of the victories of anti-terrorist war in the Middle East, China begins to worried that these terrorists may come back to China to carry out terrorist attacks. It has been shown in research findings that the threat of terrorism in China has been increasing as indicated in the rates and levels of terrorist attacks in China in recent years. The high frequency of terrorist activities might become a new normal for the threat to China's overall national security situation. China must adapt itself to this change and keep searching for countermeasures.

並列關鍵字

Overall National Security Concept ； Terrorism ； Separatism ； Unconventional Security ； Anti-terrorist Law