《華嚴經》「十魔業觀」詮釋之比較研究－以法藏和澄觀論述為主

A Comparative Study on Interpretations of the ＂Contemplation on Ten Kinds of Demonic Obstructions＂ in Huayen Sūtra: Centering on the Treatises of Fazang's and Chengguan's

林銘光(Lin, Ming-Guang)

《中華佛學研究》 20期 (2019/12) Pp. 91-117

摘要

《華嚴經．離世間品》中有「十種魔業」的經義，歷代祖師均有不同的註釋，例如法藏（643－712）《探玄記》中主張：或攝，或不攝；而澄觀（738－839）則於《華嚴經疏》中主張：不攝；若欲攝，亦可。兩人的觀點明顯有偏重點之差異。法藏與澄觀兩人詮釋「十魔業」時，是互為補充還是另有發揮？這些都是有待釐清的問題，亦是本論文研究的主要目的。另外，與修行人有關的「心理障礙」病症與日俱增，這是因為無法實踐經文義理所造成。本篇論文提供一些實際操作，期待行者能達到「解行合一」的妙境。本研究採經文詮釋法，──以法藏的《探玄記》、《大乘起信論義記》，及澄觀的《華嚴經疏》、《華嚴經疏鈔》為主，並以其他相關論著為輔──先陳述行者與「魔業」的因緣與必要性後，再分別比較法藏與澄觀詮釋「魔」義、「魔業」義、「捨離魔業」法之異同點或強調處，接著歸納會集可行的「捨離魔業法」供行者參考，最後為結語。

關鍵字

魔 ； 魔業 ； 捨離魔業 ； 澄觀 ； 法藏

並列摘要

In the chapter ＂Transcending the Mundane World＂ (Lishijian Pin 離世間品) of the Huayan jing (Mahāvaipulya Buddhāvataṃsaka Sūtra 華嚴經), there is the concept of ＂ten kinds of demonic obstructions.＂ Masters through of the ages have different commentaries, such as that in Fazang's Huayanjing tanxuanji 華嚴經探玄記 which states either including or not including, or that in Chengguan's Huayanjing shu 華嚴經疏 stating not including but could be including as well. There are significant differences in the perspectives of the two. When they explained the meaning of ＂the ten kinds of demonic obstructions,＂ did they complement each other's or did they unfold the interpretations respectively? These are the issues to be clarified. As well, this is the main purpose of this paper. Additionally, there are increasing ＂psychological difficulties＂ related to practitioners which could be caused by not being able to practice according to doctrinal teachings. This paper suggests some operational practices and hopefully will lead the practitioner to achieve ＂the unity of understanding and practice＂ accordingly. This research applies the exegetical method, centering on Fazang's Huayanjing tanxuanji 華嚴經探玄記 and Dashengqixinlunyiji 大乘起信論義記 along with Chengguan's Huayanjing shu 華嚴經疏 and Huayanjing shuchao 華嚴經疏鈔 as well as covering other relevant works. First the requisiteness as well as causes and conditions between the practitioners and the demonic obstructions is introduced. Then the study compares the similarities and differences in or emphases on the viewpoints on ＂demon,＂ ＂demonic obstructions＂ and ＂discarding of demonic obstructions＂ presented by the two masters respectively. Next comes the supplementary on meanings of ＂ten demonic obstructions＂ by Chengguan, Finally, a summarized and practical suggestion to discard the demonic obstructions is provided to the practitioners.

並列關鍵字

Devil ； Demonic Obstructions ； Discarding of the Demonic Obstructions ； Chengguan ； Fazang

參考文獻

本文佛典引用主要是採用「中華電子佛典協會」（Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association, 簡稱 CBETA）的電子佛典集成網路版（CBETA Online），2019 年。

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《大方廣佛華嚴經》，T10, no. 279。

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