毘盧遮那佛的「十身說法」－以唐譯《華嚴經》與澄觀《華嚴疏鈔》為主

漢傳佛教對於「毘盧遮那佛」的佛格，以及其與釋迦牟尼的關係，古來諸說並存，無有定論。在各式佛身理論中，以「三身說」最為盛行，毘盧遮那也被判定為不具形象、不可說法的法身佛。然而《華嚴經》的「世尊」，名為「毘盧遮那」，也名為「釋迦」，在經中可見到他放光、昇天、說法等等的作為，似乎不存在毘盧遮那必定是法身佛而且不說法的事實，反而是一位可以顯相、可以說法的佛陀。華嚴宗認為《華嚴經》非三身說，判定毘盧遮那為「十身佛」、「法界身」，其內涵包括器世間、眾生世間與智正覺世間。其中，澄觀（738－839）《華嚴疏鈔》根據《華嚴經》與華嚴宗的佛身觀，認為毘盧遮那作為十身佛，含攝一般所說的三身佛。他並且說明毘盧遮那說法不是只能透過語言，舉凡菩薩說、眾生說，國土說，乃至光明、雲臺、菩提樹等一切現象事物，只要是在彰顯法界義理的當下，即是毘盧遮那的法界身說法。

關鍵字

《華嚴經》；毘盧遮那佛；澄觀；《華嚴疏鈔》；十身

並列摘要

From the past, there have been various thoughts and theories about Vairocana's Buddha Characteristic and the relationship to Shakyamuni Buddha in Chinese Buddhism, yet there isn't any conclusions made up even today. Among these theories, the concept of the Trikāya 三身說 is most commonly adopted in Chinese Buddhism, in which Vairocana is described as The dharmakāya Buddha, who has no physical appearance and doesn't preached the Dharma. Nonetheless, in the Avataṃsaka Sūtra 華嚴經, Bhagavat, referring to not only Vairocana but also Shakyamuni Buddha, is able to shine brilliant radiance, to ascend to heaven and to preach the Dharma, which seems to contradict the idea that Vairocana is just a dharmakāya Buddha, who doesn't preach the Dharma, but instead a Buddha that does appear physically and preach the Dharma. The Huayen school believes the Avataṃsaka Sūtra has no indication of the concept of the Trikāya, and defines Vairocana as the Ten-kāya Buddha 十身佛 and the dharmadhātu as the buddhakāya, 法界身, which embodied the realms of matters 器, beings 眾生, and the Buddha's mind 智正覺. The Avataṃsaka Commentaries and Subcommentaries (Hua-Yen Shu-Chao, 華嚴疏鈔) by Chengguan (澄觀, 738-839) referenced the Avataṃsaka Sūtra and Huayen school's theory of Buddhakaya to show that the concept of Trikāya is included within the concept of Ten-kāya Buddha. Furthermore, Chengguan claimed that the way Vairocana preaches the Dharma is not limited to linguistic expressions. Rather, Dharma could be delivered via bodhisattvas, sentient beings, country-lands, or even all phenomena such as illuminations 光明, pedestal clouds 雲臺, Bodhi tree 菩提樹, or anything that is able to present right away the truth of the Dharma realm, which is always a way of Vairocana preaching the Dharma.