大乘二十二問之研究

A Study Of The Twenty-Two-Dialogues On Mahayana Buddhism

巴宙(W. Pachow)

《中華佛學學報》 2期 (1988/10) Pp. 57-96

https://doi.org/10.6986/CHBJ.198810.0057

摘要

唐代曇曠所寫的「大乘二十二問」一書埋藏了一千多年之久始於本世紀初在敦煌石窟寫卷裡以斷簡殘篇的姿出現於世。本文作者於 1973 年在法國巴黎國家書館Bibliotheque Nationale，Paris，及倫敦大英博館搜遍及讀盡有關該作品之寫卷，後來費時數年，根據數寫本，用校勘方法，輟長補短及改正訛誤，始得恢復全貌我們希望它能與最初殺青時相近。本研究即是該書的導論。該書全文及校注亦將發表於本文後。本文的主要討論為：（一） 在拉薩舉行的中印佛教辯論會，是中國禪宗教與印度所傳漸教的鬥爭。結果，它們各有負。（二） 搜尋「二十二問」一書的主要扮演者及其與印辯論會之係。（三） 西藏佛教的發展史及漢藏文化與外交的係。（四） 對每一問題的哲學或歷史的內容加以評論，析或解釋。若稱之為「大乘二十二問釋論」亦無可。（五） 作者曇曠之名不見載於中國佛教史籍，故費不鮮，藉以檢討；（甲）彼之生活與時代，（乙）彼與西明寺之關係及該寺之文化活動，（丙）彼歸返河西及其寫作生活，（丁）彼對敦煌佛教的響。

並列摘要

Being buried in the dust for a period of over a thousand years, the Twenty-two- Dialogues on Mahayana Buddhism by T'ang-Kuang of the T'ang dynasty was discovered at the Tun-huang caves in the beginning of this century in fragmentary manuscripts. In 1973 the author of the persent paper had the opportunity of examining the various manuscripts related to this work at the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris, and the British Museum, London. Later he spent several years editing, collating and correcting these versions, so that it could be restored to its original form. It is hoped that we now have a version which is very close to the original composition, This article is an introduction. The newly edited version very close to the origined version along with notes will be published in due time. The main points for discussion will be as follows: 1. To examine the Sino-Indian Buddhist debate held in Lhasa which was a confrontation between the sudden enlightenment doctrines of the Chinese Ch'an school and the traditional teachings of Indian Buddhism. The result was that each side claimed victory based on its sectarian sources. 2. To search for references concerning the principal participants in the dialogues and their relation to the Sino-Indian debate. 3. To study the historical development of Tibetan Buddhism and the cultural as well as diplomatic relations between Tibet and China. 4. To analyse, explain or criticize the philosophical or historical content of the work. The title of this paper may be called: ＂A p.110 Commentary on the Twenty-two Dialogues＂. 5. As the name of T'an-Kuang was nowhere included in the Chinese Buddhist historical records, much time was spent on the following areas: i. His life and times; ii. His relation with the Hsi-ming monastery and its cultural activities; iii. His return to the Ho-hsi region and his literary activities and iv. His influence on Tun-huang Buddhist studies.

參考文獻

T. W. Rhys(1973)。The Dialogues of the Buddha。London:The Pali Text Society。