「頻申欠呿」略考

A Brief Note on 頻申欠呿

高明道(Friedrich F. Grohmann)

《中華佛學學報》 6期 (1993/06) Pp. 124-184

https://doi.org/10.6986/CHBJ.199306.0124

摘要

本文以「頻申欠呿」為考證對象，探索其非譬喻性的含義，兼論文獻研究若干基本理論與方法。第一節從學術理論的立場談文獻研究的必備條件，並舉例說明今人閱讀漢譯佛典普遍遭到嚴重障礙。第二節透過《摩訶止觀》及《止觀輔行傳弘決》的一個例子指出版本學的重要性，並由該二部天臺著作上「嚬呻」一詞的考查引入《華嚴經．入法界品》同本異譯「頻申（欠呿）」的對照。第三、四兩節援漢文經、律、論，兼參相關梵、巴、藏資料，分別澄清「欠呿」、「頻申」原義，並論漢譯釋典多樣的譯法──原文同一個詞，不同的移譯用語具有「打呵欠」、「伸懶腰」、「欠伸」等三種義界。第五節藉「頻申（欠呿）」兩個特殊用法以及古人對該詞不正確的解讀，更進一步闡明經論的理解宜建立在嚴密學術研究的基礎上。

關鍵字

文獻研究 ； 睡眠蓋食 ； 打呵欠 ； 伸懶腰 ； 皺眉頭

並列摘要

Exploring the Chinese term 頻申欠呿 in its non-metaphorical use, the present paper introduces some basic notions and methods of philological research. In the first chapter, the preliminary steps for the study of literature in general are discussed and it is demonstrated with the help of commentaries and vernacular translations by contemporary Chinese how the lack ofKnowledge, resulting from non-engagement in sound research, generally leads to gross misunderstanding of textual meaning. Turning to the term in question, the second chapter traces the word 嚬呻 in two passages of the T'ien T'ai classic 摩詞止觀 and its commentary 止觀輔傳弘決 illustrating the liberal attitude towards quotations so characteristic of traditional Chinese scholars. At the same time it is shown how an understanding of editorial liberties--頻申 being supplanted in the course of time by 嚬呻--can prevent the modern researcher from passing unfair judgment on the sages of yore. The following two chapters analyze the basic meaning of 欠呿, 頻申 and 頻申欠呿 as denoting either yawning, stretching, or both. Additional Pali, Sanskrit and Tibetan sources prove that we are actually dealing with the rendering of one and the same multifaceted term. In the fifth and last chapter, two more and rather special meanings of 頻申 (欠 呿) which are found in Chinese sutra translations are drawn attention to, e.g. ＂knitting the eyebrows＂ and ＂name of a large number＂. A final look at two T'ang dynasty interpretations of 頻申 provides some solace to the present day student of Chinese Buddhist texts showing how even the erudite native scholars living in the heyday of the religion in China were not necessarily able to fully penetrate the meaning of even non-technical terminology found in their holly scriptures.