《正理門論》探微

陳那的《正理門論》是三支新因明的第一部代表作，集中體現了陳那前期因明思想，並成為漢傳因明的主要經典。長期以來，因其言簡義奧，索解為難，故研究者甚鮮。本文在對《理門論》的邏輯結構進行分析的基礎上。以現代邏輯為工具，以比較研究為方法，對其中所反映的陳那因明的推理基礎、認識論前提、推理形式及推理的有效性等問題作了較全面的剖析。揭示了作為世界三大邏輯起源的古印度因明與古希臘以及中國古代的邏輯一樣，都是從類推理發展而成的，從而說明了人類思維具有共同性，也證明了東方文明對邏輯發展的貢獻。由於對《理門論》中豐富的邏輯思想了解不夠，在國內外一些學者中有一種貶陳那褒法稱的偏向，其實，法稱的貢獻主要在認識論方面，陳那才是首先使因明成為一個獨立學科的人，《理門論》正體現了這一點。作者還認為，《理門論》不僅是漢傳因明的直接淵源，與藏傳因明也有其內在的邏輯聯繫，這正是現代因明研究中的一大課題，有待於我們去開拓和挖掘。

關鍵字

《正理門論》；邏輯；陳那

並列摘要

Dignaga's Nyaya-dvara-sastra is the first representative work of his New Hetuvidya, in which has collectively reflected Dignaga's Hetuvidya ideas in his early days, and it has become the main classical works of Han Hetuvidya. For a long period, there are few people make their study on this field for its profoundity. The author of this paper made entire analysis of the inferential frame of Dignaga's Hetuvidya, the basic of its inference, the premise of its Epistemology, the inference form and the validity of inference, etc, which are reflected in Nyaya-dvara-sastra. All the analysis above are bymeans of modern logic and the comparative study method. The paper clarified that the ancient IndianHetuvidya is one of the three logic origins in the world, just like the logic of ancient Greece and China, is developed from the inference by genus, which demonstrated that human thinking has its own generality, and proved that the Oriential civilization has make contribution to the logic development. There is a tendency of belittling Dignaga and praising Dharmakirt among scholars exotic anddomestic, because they know little about the rich logic ideals in Dignaga's Nyaya-dvara-sastra. Actually, it is Dign a ga who first made Hetuvidy a as a independent logic type, （which has been shown exactly in Nyaya-dvara-sastra）, while Dharmakirt'scontribution was mainly consisted in the aspect of Epistemology. The author also has the idea that Nyaya-dvara-sastra is not only the direct origin of Han Hetuvidya, but also has internal logic link with tibetan Hetuvidya. That is an important subject of modern Hetuvidya, which should be made further study by our all.