佛教對中日文化影響之比較

佛教傳入日本後，始將中國大陸文化根植在日本，促成日本「大化革新」，繼而發展成「律令國家」。所以，佛教對日本之影響是根本的。佛教傳入中國時，中國已度過了春秋戰國時代第一個學術思想之黃金時代，正是隋唐鼎盛第二個學術思想之先期時代，所以佛教對中國之影響雖是全面的，但絕非是根本的。中日兩國，都因軍事的目的，西向開拓，而傳入了佛教。雖初期都是由外國人傳入佛教；但正式傳入佛教，日本政府卻是主動、有計劃地派遣學僧輸入佛教及中國之典章、制度。中國政府從未主動派人到西方，而是由民間佛教僧侶憑自己之信仰與毅力前往。其結果，影響中國的，只是佛教及其文化、藝術。印度之典章、制度，對中國了無影響。溯其原因，大和民族為新興民族，是根植文化，重團體、重知識；中華民族為古老民族，是原生文化，重傳統、重思想。從確定時間看，根植文化，欣欣向榮；原生文化，衰弊不振。但從長期看，根植文化亦將會持續地受原生文化之制約。

關鍵字

原生文化；根植文化；中國文化；日本文化

並列摘要

Only after the introduction of Buddhism into Japan, the Chinese mainland culture was root-planted in Japan. This helped the appearance of ＂Great Transformation and Reformation＂ in Japan, and thus made it develop into ＂a country of law and regulations.＂ Therefore, the influence of Buddhism on Japan is fundamental. When Buddhism was introduced into China, China had passed the first golden age of academic thoughts of Spring-Autumn and Warring States period, and was in the pioneer years of the second promising age of academic thoughts of Sui and T'ang Dynasties. Therefore, although the influence of Buddhism on China is in all aspects yet absolutely not fundamental. China and Japan developed westward all because of the military purpose, and then brought in Buddhism. In the initial stage, although Buddhism was introduced into these two countries by foreigners, yet the formal introduction of Buddhism into Japan was initiated and planned by the government which despatched student sangha to bring in Buddhism and Chinese regulations and systems. The Chinese government never despatched positively people to the west. It was civic Buddhist sangha who went to the west out of their own faith and perseverance. As a result, what influenced China are only Buddhism and its culture and arts. The Indian regulations and systems had no influence on China. Tracing the reason, the Japanese people is a new people, a root-planted culture, emphasizing on group, and emphasizing on knowledge, yet the Chinese people is an old people, a local-originated culture, emphasing on tradition, and emphasizing on thoughts. Viewed from a certain period, the root-planted culture is promising while the local-originated culture is weak and declining. But if viewed from a long period, the root-planted culture would continue to be conditioned by the local-originated culture.