宗教融合與教化功能－以宋代兩種華嚴淨土信仰為例

北宋省常融合華嚴、淨土等典籍的內容，並吸收華嚴宗和淨土宗的理論，倡導一種新的淨土信仰學說。南宋初年義和提出的華嚴淨土思想，具有與之相同的性質。這些學說所提出的諸多崇拜對象、修行內容以及修行目的，雖然與某些傳統佛經的記載不盡相同，甚至有相互矛盾之處，卻並未受到抵制，反而在客觀上為多種經典和多派思想的並行提供了依據。這兩種混合形態的淨土學說廣泛適應社會各階層的需要，尤其得到士大夫的積極響應，具有較強的感染力和號召力。通過融合、重組和創新而提出此類淨土信仰的目的，是教化不同階層的民眾安於本分、勤於本職，協調人際關係，維護社會秩序。

關鍵字

淨土信仰；念佛法門；融合

並列摘要

Shengchang of Northern Song Dynasty integrated the contents of Huayan and Pure Land sutras, and imbibed the doctrines of Huayan and Pure Land Schools to promote a new theory of Pure Land faith, In early years of Southern Song Dynasty, Yiho proposed the Huayan Pure Land philosophy of similar nature. The objects of worship as well as the contents and purpose of practice proposed by these theories are not necessary the same as or even contradictory to those recorded in some traditional Buddhist sutras, yet they were not boycotted and, nevertheless, provided basis for the co-existence of various sutras and different philosophies. These two mixed types of Pure Land doctrine widely met the needs of the different social strata, and, in particular, received the positive response from the intellectuals with stronger influence and appealing. Through integration, re-arrangement and innovation, these kinds of Pure Land faith were to educate the people of different strata to abide by their own positions, to fulfill their duties, to co-ordinate interpersonal relationships, and to safeguard social order.