天臺五停心觀之探討

A Discussion of the Five Types of Calming Meditation in Tiantai Buddhism

陳英善(Ying-Shan Chen)

《中華佛學學報》 19期 (2006/07) Pp. 280-301

https://doi.org/10.6986/CHBJ.200607.0280

摘要

佛教本以慧為主，以此來觀破生死達到解脫、圓滿佛道。但往往藉由禪定以輔助慧之觀照，有所謂的二甘露門（數息觀、不淨觀）、五停心觀，以作為修禪定之法門。此等雖為修禪定之法門，亦可視為是種對治法門，針對不同問題所施設之法門。所以，將之視為修禪法門或對治法門，是一體兩面之說法而已。對天臺而言，五停心觀除了具備上述之意義外，往往將其運用於修證階位上，以呈現出五停心觀之豐富內涵。同樣地，以作為見道前之方便的五停心觀，於四教本身是各有所不同的。本文即是基於此，各別來論述四教之五停心觀。

關鍵字

五停心觀 ； 四教 ； 十乘觀法 ； 四種三昧

並列摘要

In Buddhism, wisdom is important, because it is necessary for attaining liberation and buddhahood. Concentration supplements wisdom, and can be further subdivided into the ＂two ambrosias＂ (meditation on breathing and on the charnel yard) or the five types of calming meditation. Although these are considered to fall under the category of ＂concentration,＂ these can also be seen as expedients, each counteracting different problems. In Tiantai, the five types of calming meditation are used for the attainment of the various Tiantai stages, and include a wide variety of content. Similarly, as the five types are taken as preparatory expedients to the path of seeing, they would have different contents for each of the four types of teaching. This paper discusses the five types of calming meditation in terms of each of the four types of teaching.

並列關鍵字

Five types of calming meditation ； Four teachings ； Meditations for the ten vehicles ； Four types of samadhi