The Yoga Tantras and the Social Context of Their Transmission to Tibet

《佛說一切如來真實攝大乘現證三昧大教王經》代表印度佛教密續發展的分水嶺，同時在密教由印度傳至西藏的過程中扮演重要的角色。此篇文章著重於此經及其出處、當時所逐漸產生的修行之傳統發展及相關的文化脈絡，簡略地檢視有關本尊瑜伽、憤怒金剛與儀式的密教修行在印度之出現。此篇的重點在於檢視此經由印度到西藏的傳播及其相關的文本及禪修系統，並探討西藏人對此密續之態度，尤其是在不同時期的支持、排斥的狀況及其他社會政治因素，其不同時期包含（1）第八及第九世紀第一次佛教傳播之時期（前弘期）、（2）西藏王朝壞滅後之時期、（3）在第十及十一世紀佛教的第二次傳播早期（後弘期）及（4）在十二世紀以後西藏瑜伽密續時期。

關鍵字

瑜伽密續；西藏；《金剛頂經》；蓮花生；《大乘觀想曼拏羅淨諸惡趣經》

並列摘要

The Compendium of Principles (Sarva-tathagata-tattva-samgraha-nama-mahayana-sutra, De bzhin gshegs pa thams cad kyi de kho na nyid bsdus pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po'i mdo) represents a watershed in the development of Indian Buddhist tantra and also played a central role in the transmission of tantric Buddhism from India to Tibet. This paper will briefly look at the emergence in India of tantric Buddhist practices involving deity yoga and wrathful deities and activities, with a focus on the Compendium of Principles and its provenance, the traditions that grew up around it, and the cultural context in which the practices developed. The main section of this paper will examine the transmission of the Compendium of Principles and its associated texts and meditative systems from India to Tibet and the Tibetan attitudes toward tantra that it reflects. It will pay particular attention to issues of patronage, proscription, and other socio-political factors during (1) the first transmission of Buddhism (snga dar) in the eighth and ninth centuries, (2) the period following the collapse of the Tibetan empire, (3) the early part of the second transmission of Buddhism (phyi dar) in the tenth and eleventh centuries, and (4) the later period of the subsequent role of the Yoga Tantras in Tibet.

並列關鍵字

Yoga Tantra ； Tibet ； Tattvasamgraha ； Padmasambhava ； Sarvadurgatiparisodhana

參考文獻

Compendium of Principles [Sarvatathāgatatattvasaṃgrahanāmamahāyānasūtra, De bzhin gshegs pa thams cad kyi de kho na nyid bsdus pa zhes bya ba theg pa chen po'i mdo]. P112, Vol. 4, 217.1-283.2.2.

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