Beyond Lineage Orthodoxy: Yongming Yanshou's Model of Chan as Bodhisattva Cultivation

正如眾所周知，宗傳體系是禪宗獨特的定位。而禪宗「教外別傳」的口號，使法脈傳承成為傳法的必要條件。初期禪宗發展的關鍵點即是傳承法系的問題，這個關懷在宋初編撰的《燈錄》文獻中更被強化。其中以《景德傳燈錄》為代表之作，記錄了中唐至晚唐時期禪宗的盛況。當然，法脈傳承在許多宗教傳統中皆是識別要素，也存在於非宗教領域，它在禪宗的獨特性，在於判斷宗傳是否正統。本文探討永明延壽（904-975）的著作中，有關禪宗法脈傳承的觀點。延壽是一位著名的學問禪僧，他質疑禪宗教外別賺的定位與法脈傳承為唯一傳法之要素。本文提出延壽提倡「菩薩行之禪風」來代替正統宗傳的禪宗定位。

關鍵字

永明延壽；菩薩行；禪；法脈傳承

並列摘要

As is well-known, lineage has played a fundamental role in determining Chan identity. The Chan slogan ＂a separate transmission outside the scriptures＂ (jiaowai biechuan 教外別傳) enshrined lineage as the sine qua non of true dharma transmission. Lineage emerged as a fundamental concern early on in the Chan tradition, a concern that was solidified in the ＂lamp records＂ (denglu 燈錄) compiled in the early Song dynasty to document the profusion of Chan movements in the mid- to late Tang dynasty, of which the Jingde Chuandeng lu 景德傳燈錄 (Jingde era Record of the Transmission of the Lamp; compiled 1004) became the classic formulation. While lineage appears as an identifying feature in many religious traditions, including Buddhism, and is an aspect in non-religious contexts as well, its uniqueness in Chan bears on the role lineage plays in the determination of Chan orthodoxy. This presentation explores notions of Chan lineage in the works of the prominent Chinese Buddhist master Yongming Yanshou 永明延壽 (904-975), a proponent of scholastic Chan who disputed Chan's separate identity and its notion of lineage as the sine qua non of true dharma transmission. Instead, I argue that Yanshou advocated an alternative vision for ＂Chan as bodhisattva cultivation＂ (pusa xing chan 菩薩行禪 ) that transcended notions of Chan lineage orthodoxy.

並列關鍵字

Yongming Yanshou ； bodhisattva cultivation ； Chan ； lineage

參考文獻

Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新修大藏經 , edited by Takakusu Junjirō 高楠順次郎 and Watanabe Kaigyoku 渡邊海旭. 85 vols. Tokyo: Taishō Issaikyō Kankōkai 大正一切經刊行会, 1824-1932. Cited as T, followed by text number, volume and page.