共融式遊具與罐頭遊具對使用者身體動作能力與遊戲類型之影響

The Effects of the Inclusive and the Cookie-Cutter Playground Equipment on Users' Body Movement Ability and Game Types

李昭明(Chao-Ming Lee)

《休閒產業與健康促進學術研討會》 2021 (2021/06) Pp. 69-80

摘要

對於六歲以下的幼兒而言，公園當中的遊戲場是一塊屬於他們日常的秘密基地。因不同遊具的特殊設計，幼兒實際操作時，能從中提升其身體動作能力，並透過與他人的互動，亦能發展出許多的遊戲類型和社交行為。近年來，各縣市政府推動公園遊戲場的改造工程，使遊戲場的設施從過去的「罐頭遊具」逐步轉變成「共融式遊具」。這樣的轉變促使研究者關注兩類遊具的差異，可能對於使用者身體動作能力的運用，以及所進行的遊戲類型會產生影響。為此，研究者選取大台北地區20個公園遊戲場為研究場域（共融式遊具與罐頭遊具各半），由研究者實際至每一公園遊戲場進行兩次，每次兩小時的使用者行為觀察與紀錄，蒐集使用者透過遊具所運用到的身體動作能力與遊戲類型。 研究結果顯示：1.兩類遊具均能誘發使用者的穩定性和移動性動作能力，而共融式遊具對於上述兩類動作能力具有更高程度的挑戰性；2.罐頭遊具的使用者以平行遊戲居多，而共融式遊具因其特性，較能引發聯合遊戲和合作遊戲的出現。依據研究結果，提供建議：1.公園遊戲場的建置，應考量使用者的需求，避免僅提供單一或簡單的遊具設備；2.公園遊具的使用規則，應保有適度的彈性，讓使用者有增加「挑戰性」與「合作性」的玩法。

關鍵字

共融式遊具 ； 罐頭遊具 ； 身體動作能力 ； 遊戲類型

並列摘要

The playground is an outdoor area in the public park provided for under 6-year-old children to play in. A variety of physical equipment in the playground helps children to improve their physical competence and to increase their social interactions in many types of play. From 2015, the governments in many cities started to transform the ＂Cookie-Cutter playground＂ to the ＂Inclusive playground＂, and the transformation made changes in children's activities. The purpose of the study was to understand what kinds of changes in the types of play and in physical competence when children involved in the two kinds of the playgrounds. The method of the study was observation survey. The researcher sampled 20 public parks in the Greater Taipei Area, including 10 inclusive and 10 cookie-cutter playgrounds. Each playground was observed twice, and each observation took 2 hours. The researcher recorded children's physical competence and types of play in each observation period. The results showed: 1. The two kinds of playground can facilitate the frequency of stability skills and locomotion skills. 2. In the types of play, the users of cookie-cutter playground equipment performed parallel play more than others, and the users of inclusive playground equipment appeared associative play and cooperative play more often. Based on the above results, the study indicated: 1. The construction of playground should consider the needs of the users of different ages and avoid providing monotonous or simple playground equipment; 2. The instruction of using playground equipment is recommended to be flexible to encourage the challenge and cooperation in the children's play.

並列關鍵字

inclusive playground equipment ； cookie-cutter playground equipment ； physical competence ； types of play