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  • 期刊

原發性高醛固酮症之診斷與治療

摘要


導致次發性高血壓最常見的原因是原發性高醛固酮症(primary aldosteronism, PA),其常見高血壓合併低血鉀症。但最近研究顯示只有50%的PA病人有低鉀血症。PA是因為自主過度分泌醛固酮素,可分為偶發性(sporadic)PA及3種家族性醛固酮過多症(familial hyperaldosteronism type I, II, III)。偶發性(sporadic)PA包括雙側腎上腺增生(bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia, IHA)及醛固酮生成腺瘤(aldosterone-producing adenomas, APAs)。當懷疑PA時,先做ARR篩檢試驗(screening test),再做確定試驗Saline infusion test(SIT),oral sodium loading test, the captopril test, the fludrocortisone plus salt suppression test,upright furosemide-loading test,24-Hour urine aldosterone及random urinary aldosterone-to-creatinine ratio,abdominal CT來確診,adrenal venous sampling(AVS)或131 I-6β-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol(NP-59)SPECT/CT的腎上腺核子醫學檢查則可協手術前定位準備。對於單側APA的病人,治療是用腹腔鏡腎上腺切除術。Type I家族性醛固酮過多症的治療以長效皮質類固醇或礦物性皮質素受體拮抗劑(mineralcorticoid receptor antagonists, MRA)為主。Type II家族性醛固酮過多症以腎上腺切除術或MRA來治療。Type III家族性醛固酮過多症以雙側腎上腺切除術或spironolactone來治療。患有雙側腎上腺增生(IHA)或不適合手術的患者,應使用MRA治療。

參考文獻


Su TC, Bai CH, Chang HY, et al. Evidence for improved control of hypertension in Taiwan: 1993–2002. J Hypertens 2008;26:600-6.
Yen RF, Wu VC, Liu KL, et al. 131I-6β-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol SPECT/CT for primary aldosteronism patients with inconclusive adrenal venous sampling and CT results. J Nucl Med 2009;50:1631-7.
Wu VC, Kuo CC, Wang SM, et al. Primary aldosteronism: changes in cystatin C-based kidney filtration, proteinuria, and renal duplex indices with treatment. J Hypertens 2011;29:1778-86.
Wu VC, Hu YH, Er LK, et al. Case detection and diagnosis of primary aldosteronism – The consensus of Taiwan Society of Aldosteronism. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association 2017;116:993-1005.
Médeau V, Moreau F, Trinquart L, et al. Clinical and biochemical characteristics of normotensive patients with primary aldosteronism: a comparison with hypertensive cases. Clin Endocrinol 2008;69:20-8.

延伸閱讀


  • 胡雅惠、張嘉暉、吳一葦、林彥宏、王治元、吳寬墩、吳允升(2016)。原發性高醛固酮症:文獻回顧內科學誌27(3),123-134。https://doi.org/10.6314/JIMT.2016.27(3).02
  • 林曉華、林博彥(2015)。原發性高分泌醛固酮之鑑別診斷及案例分享台灣醫檢會報30(4),31-38。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=P20140729002-201512-201601190007-201601190007-31-38
  • 古育瑄、游惟勝、李仰光、康曉妍(2017)。個案報告:原發性高醛固酮症家庭醫學與基層醫療32(4),114-119。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=P20090727001-201704-201705020025-201705020025-114-119
  • 黃永成、廖玲巧、吳秋宜、李玉珍、周易賢、劉嘉儒(2022)。原發性高醛固酮症之案例討論臺灣臨床藥學雜誌30(3),243-250。https://doi.org/10.6168/FJCP.202207_30(3).0007
  • 曾黃泱、陳逸洲、吳志仁、王柏川(2010)。原發性高醛固酮症的診斷與治療內科學誌21(3),184-191。https://doi.org/10.6314/JIMT.2010.21(3).04