墨西哥加入北美自由貿易區二十年之觀察（1994-2014）

Twenty Years' Observations on Mexico Joining North America Free Trade Area (1994-2014)

石雅如(Ya-Ju Shih)

《台灣原住民族研究學報》 4卷2期 (2014/06) Pp. 159-186

摘要

面對1980年代外債危機，1990年代墨西哥政府推行自由主義經濟政策，簽署北美自由貿易協議，加入北美自由貿易區迄今20年。經濟開放政策成功吸引外資，檢視外國投資配置主要為間接投資真正刺激經濟發展的直接投資比重不高。進出口貿易量成長，但出口淨值小於進口額造成貿易逆差。加工出口區表現出色，相對的非加工出口產業遭受衝擊。薪資購買力每年下降，失業造成貧窮人口增加，貧富差距加大。低價農產入關糧價崩盤，農村空洞化，毒梟集團進入農村治安惡化。自由貿易協議中的投資保障條文，讓墨國政府面對跨國公司的壓力犧牲勞工權益、自然資源和環境。縱使簽署再多的自由貿易協定，經濟始終脫離不了依附美國的事實。

關鍵字

墨西哥 ； 北美自由貿易區 ； 新自由主義經濟政策 ； 貧窮 ； 失業

並列摘要

Struggling with the debt crisis during the 1980s, the Mexico government preformed neoliberalism economic policy and signed North American Free Trade Agreement in 1990s. Till now, Mexico has joined North American Free Trade Area for 20 years. The policy of economic opened up attracted foreign investments. Examining the distribution of foreign investments, we find that most of them are indirect investments that can stimulate economic growth are less. Though total export trade grows, the net value of export trade is less then import trade, and form trade deficit. The export processing zone performs well, but others are suffered. Import of low-price agricultural products causes domestic agricultural products market crash and rural out-migration. The securities of the rural areas gets worsen as drug cartel entered. The investment safeguard in this agreement makes Mexico government sacrifice the right of labors, natural resources, and environment under multinational corporations. Then still depends on tThe United States in economics even though they sign other Free Trade Agreements.

並列關鍵字

Mexico ； North America Free Trade Agreement ； neoliberalism economic policy ； poverty ； unemployment