「紀念」的危機：二二八國家紀念館大學生非觀衆之研究

The Crisis of ＂Memorial＂: A Non-Visitors Study of College Students to the National 228 Memorial Museum

鍾如(Ru Zhong)

《博物館與文化》 13期 (2017/06) Pp. 5-44

摘要

紀念館作為展示、收藏、研究的機構，也肩負歷史教育、紀念受難者及人權教育推廣的功能。二二八國家紀念館承載著受難者家屬及社會各界的期待而成立，而自2011 年正式開館營運至今，除了偶而預約參觀的公務團體及受難家屬的關注外，能見度與民眾參與程度仍不如預期，為何有如此現象？本研究以博物館非觀眾為探究焦點，研究對象為「從未參觀過」二二八國家紀念館的大學生，並以臺北市區的兩所大學為研究範圍，主要目的在於了解大學生的博物館經驗、影響他們不參觀紀念館的原因，以及對於紀念館期待與建議。從量化問卷調查之結果發現，參觀意願受到學科背景、過去相關展覽參觀經驗及家庭背景影響。人文社會學科背景的學生較其他學科背景對參觀二二八國家紀念館的參觀意願高，且對二二八事件的認知與紀念性認同度較高，而沒有參觀意願的大學生主要因為不瞭解二二八事件被紀念的意義、對相關議題沒有興趣，甚至認為相關議題已流於政治操弄、造成族群對立。研究建議除了紀念館應增加當代議題與生活連結外，與學校通識課程結合也可引發興趣；除需加強宣傳與教育推廣活動外，也應於二二八和平紀念日提供媒體各種深入的研究與口述歷史等素材，以增加新聞議題深度並使民眾瞭解其紀念性、加強轉型正義課題之介紹與反思，以多元角度及不同觀點呈現二二八事件。

關鍵字

博物館非觀眾研究 ； 二二八國家紀念館 ； 大學生觀眾

並列摘要

As institutions that exhibit, collect and research, memorial museums also have the responsibility to commemorate the victims and educate the public on history and human rights. The National 228 Memorial Museum was established to manage the expectations of the society and the victims' families; however, since its opening in 2011, the visibility and public participation fall short from expectation, as there are only occasional appointment visits by groups of civil servants or victims' families. What is the reason behind this situation? The research focus of this study is museum non-visitors-college students. By examining the college students of Taipei downtown area who have ＂never visited＂ the National 228 Memorial Museum, this study aims to understand the museum experiences of these non-visitors, the reasons for their reluctance to visit memorial museums, as well as their imagination and expectations for memorial museums. From the results of questionnaire survey, factors affecting willingness to visit include different academic backgrounds, previous museum experiences and family backgrounds. The main reasons that college students choose not to visit the National 228 Memorial Museum are that they don't see the significance of the incident and think related discussion has been abducted by politics and might cause ethnic conflicts. This study suggests that in addition to increasing exhibition topics linked with contemporary issues and strengthening publicity and educational programs, the museum should provide material of research and oral history for media coverage as well as introducing and reflecting upon issues of transitional justice.

並列關鍵字

museum non-visitor studies ； National 228 Memorial Museum ； college student visitor