台北二二八紀念館常設展應用口述歷史之研究

The Study of Oral History Applied to the Permanent Exhibition in the Taipei 228 Memorial Museum

楊愉珍(Yu-Chen Yang)

指導教授 ： 陳佳利

國立臺北藝術大學/文化資源學院學術論文/博物館研究所碩士班/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6835/TNUA.2012.00051

摘要

本研究聚焦於歷史展示如何應用口述歷史，探討其在展場中的展示手法，其與展示的關係、功能，以及口述歷史內容建構、詮釋出的歷史面貌，並以台北二二八紀念館為研究個案，探討該館新、舊常設展如何應用口述歷史解讀、詮釋國族歷史，並以口述歷史挖掘禁忌被壓抑的歷史記憶。
本文主要採用展覽分析與訪談法進行，分析展覽中口述歷史呈現手法，並討論展覽中口述歷史內涵。台北二二八紀念館口述歷史基本上經由影片、聲音、文字等三種不同媒介呈現，形式也從舊展的單一形式到新展多元形式並用。在展示中，策展者適時將文物、文獻與口述歷史交錯展示，一方面將口述歷史作為史料與文獻相互佐證，一方面也呈現不同階層人物的歷史詮釋。進一步分析新、舊常設展中的口述歷史內容發現，因兩展對歷史論述的角度不同，其應用的口述歷史從挑選受訪者、受難者與其經歷所透露的訊息均相異，因而詮釋出不同的歷史面貌：舊常設展著重受難者死狀、批評與反思，而新常設展特別關注受難者遇害原因與過程。整體而論，台北二二八紀念館展覽運用口述歷史與民間、官方史料相互印證，將個人經驗、記憶連結到國家歷史上，口述歷史內容多傳達受難者遇害過程，而較為忽略受訪者的個人經歷與感受。本研究因此針對口述歷史可能有的代表性、客觀性、真實性等問題提出幾點建議，包括擴大訪問不同族群（原住民、外省人）與不同立場受訪者的想法，以及其他證言或相關文獻多重交叉比對驗證其真實性等，並可考慮多著墨受訪者對時代的想法與觀點，以及其自身處境與經驗等內容。

關鍵字

展示口述歷史 ； 台北二二八紀念館 ； 二二八口述歷史

並列摘要

The research focuses on oral history in the historical exhibition, discussing its content, function and mechanism in display through analysis of exhibition and interview. This research explores and compares how to interpret the national history and unearth the forbidden memories by oral history in the old and new permanent exhibition of the Taipei 228 Memorial Museum.
The Taipei 228 Memorial Museum applies oral history in the exhibition by different media (videos, sounds, and text) and its application is from single form to various forms. Curator integrates objects, documents and oral history well in the exhibition. On the one hand, oral history is applied to support historical data and documents. On the other hand, oral history helps to present thoughts of differnt social classes. If we compare the old and new permanent exhibitions, there are different historical views and perspectives presented in the exhibition. Thus, the two exhibitions select different interviewees and victims to present various viewpoints of the 228 history. The old permanent exhibition emphasizes the condition of death, criticism and reflection. The new permanent exhibition however pays more attention to the cause and process of massacre. Some suggestions are made such as the representation, objectivity and authenticity of oral history. The Taipei 228 Memorial Museum can expand its interview and oral histories to different ethnic groups (including the aboriginal and mainlanders) and include different perspectvies of interviewees, and verify the authenticity of oral history by comparing with other testimony or documents. Furthermore, the oral histories of the Taipei 228 Memorial Museum convey details of the masacra but ignore the personal experiences and feelings. In the future, the museum may consider to show more interviewees’ thoughts of the times, including their own situations and experiences.

並列關鍵字

displaying oral history ； the Taipei 228 Memorial Museum ； 228 oral history

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