博物館高齡觀衆的經驗與需求初探

A Preliminary Study on Museum Experiences and Requirements for the Elderly

趙廷鶴(Ting-Hor Chao) ； 辛治寧(Joy Chih-Ning Hsin)

《博物館與文化》 14期 (2017/12) Pp. 31-59

摘要

人口老化現象已是全球的趨勢，根據統計臺灣即將從「高齡化社會」邁入「高齡社會」。如何協助高齡者經由角色轉換與社會連結，健全高齡者的身心健康，是當前一項重要議題。當社會的老年人口持續增加，做為社會機構的博物館如何契合高齡者的特質與需要，提供適切的服務和創造博物館價值，進而促進高齡社會的和諧，是博物館應正視的重要課題。本文以初探研究的定位，針對臺灣9間博物館65歲以上的高齡觀眾進行量化調查。從高齡者的生理、心理和社會等特質以及博物館經驗的脈絡，針對博物館高齡觀眾的基本輪廓、參觀行為、經驗和需求等有所了解。調查時間為2013年7月16至8月31日，有效問卷計716份。研究結果發現：一、受測高齡觀眾中以65歲至70歲身心健康的高齡者為多，博物館可在此基礎逐步擴及不同高齡者的關注；二、高齡觀眾以與親友同往看展覽之名，進行與社會互動交流之實；三、從博物館本位提供之相關高齡者服務和設施，未必符合高齡參觀者的實際需要，宜以同理心建置更契合高齡者友善的博物館環境與積極作為。

關鍵字

高齡社會 ； 高齡觀眾 ； 博物館經驗 ； 成功老化 ； 創意高齡

並列摘要

Population aging is a global trend and according to statistics, Taiwan is approaching an ＂aged society＂ in the coming years. This makes assisting the elderly to make transitions and social connections to enhance their physical and mental health an important current issue. How should museums as social institutions provide appropriate services and museum experience based on the characteristics and the needs of the elderly to promote social harmony becomes a critical issue. Based on the argument above, the authors conducted a preliminary study on museum visitors over 65 years old in nine museums in Taiwan. Using questionnaire survey (from July 16 to August 31, 2013 with a total of 716 valid questionnaires), this research aims to focus on understanding the elderly's demography, visiting behaviors, experiences and needs, and explore how the elderly's contextual museum experiences corresponds to their physical, psychological and social needs. The preliminary findings of this paper are in three folds. First, the museums' main visitors are those ranging from 65-70 years old and are still healthy. Building on this basis, museums can enlarge their outreach programs to different groups of elderly. Second, a large majority of the elderly goes to the exhibition with family and friends, therefore the social interaction within various people is particularly critical. Third, the services and facilities provided by the museums do not exactly fit the needs of the elderly. Therefore, museums should create a friendlier environment to help the elderly pursue creative aging.

並列關鍵字

aged society ； elderly visitors ； museum experience ； successful aging ； creative aging