中高齡觀眾的博物館學習活動經驗與需求探究 --以國立自然科學博物館為例

A Study on the Experience and Needs of the Aging Audiences’ Museum Learning Activities： The Case of the National Museum of Natural Science

張英彥(Chang, Ying-Yen)

指導教授 ： 陳佳利

國立臺北藝術大學/文化資源學院學術論文/博物館研究所碩士班/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6835/TNUA.2012.00063

摘要

本研究以55歲以上已退休的「中高齡觀眾」在博物館場域中參與學習活動的動機、經驗與需求為研究主題，國立自然科學博物館(以下簡稱科博館)為研究個案，樂齡學習中心中高齡活動學員為研究對象，採問卷調查法與焦點團體訪談法的質量混合研究方式，歸納彙整出適合中高齡觀眾參與的自然史博物館學習活動方案。從研究結果顯示，參加學習活動的中高齡觀眾以女性居多、年齡偏高、國小或以下學歷者的人數比例較高；平常參觀次數或頻率不太高，以家人親友陪同參觀為最多。參觀動機是路程遠近、朋友邀請、參觀特展或新展覽，擔任義工等學習和社交因素；對學習活動項目喜歡或印象深刻的原因是學習新知、活動趣味化及心情愉快；而不喜歡的原因為時間匆促、活動項目安排及展示說明不佳。所得到的生活收穫或啟發分為學習新事物、增進宗教信仰意識、心情快樂忘老及增進自我認同四個面向。另外，對於學習活動安排項目的滿意度，與生活經驗與宗教習習相關的「媽祖進香」影片觀賞及「媽祖進香與擲筊」趣味體驗為最高。從各項目受到喜愛的高百分比也顯示對於活動感受屬於高滿意度。
研究發現，中高齡觀眾希望博物館辦理的學習活動主題是專業性、特殊性，內容是趣味性、輕鬆性，地點兼顧安全和便利，在團體性的同儕學習模式下，一個活動辦理兩個梯次以上，依照主題決定活動時間長短，每個活動項目進行的適當時間在30至40分鐘之間，也應提供適合的視聽或語音學習設備使用，並可以採取一定水準的收費做法。從量化資料得知性別、年齡和學歷分別對活動安排項目的評價沒有明顯的差異，代表活動規劃項目與內容適合多數的中高齡觀眾，博物館只要引用一套學習課程，即可推展於各種不同來源的中高齡學習者。

關鍵字

中高齡觀眾 ； 樂齡學習 ； 博物館學習經驗

並列摘要

The study is on the motivation, experiences and requirements of senior citizens of their museum visit. Through questionnaire and focus interview, the experiences and needs of those senior participants of the Active Aging Learning Centre who joined the workshops held by the National Museum of Natural Science were explored. The results shows that most aging audiences (for those beyond 55 years old) joining these workshops are female, of older ages and with elementary school education or less. These participants do not frequently visit the museum, and most of them come to the museum in the company of their relatives or friends. Factors driving their museum visit are short commuting distance, invitation from friends, special or novel exhibitions, volunteering activities and social activities. Factors making the learning activities pleasant or impressive are learning novel knowledge, involving in fun activities and feeling happy. What makes the learning activities less pleasant are insufficient time and bad activity planning or demonstration. As for benefits the participants acquire from these activities, these can be categorized into four aspects: learning novel knowledge, strengthening religious faith, improving the mood, relieving the fear of aging, and enhancing self-identity. The researcher also finds that activities with the highest satisfactory level are the video viewing of Matsu Pilgrimages and the activities related to Matsu Pilgrimage. Nonetheless, the other activities also have a high satisfactory level, as revealed by their preference rating.
The study has found that the aging audience expects the museum to hold more professional learning activities and the content should be interesting and relaxing in convenient location and safe environment. The group-based peer-learning pattern can be held for at least two rounds each day, and the length of the activity should vary depend on the theme of the activity under the principle of each session between 30 and 40 minutes. It is also a good idea to offer audio-visual guide and facilities and charge a certain amount of fees for the activities. From the analysis of quantitative data, the sex, age and educational background do not differ in the evaluation which indicates that the same museum program will apply to all the aging audience well.

並列關鍵字

aging audiences ； active aging learning ； museum learning experience

參考文獻

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