圍堡、博物館與跨國家族：論深圳市龍崗客家民俗博物館的客家文化特質

The Hakka Fortress, Museum and Transnational Family: The Cultural Characteristics of Shenzhen Hakka Folk Custom Museum

黃信洋(Shin-Yang Huang)

《博物館與文化》 16期 (2018/12) Pp. 3-21

摘要

本文共分成五個部分，第一個部分會概述中國的客家博物館的發展趨勢，說明客家意識在這些博物館可能引起的改變與效應。第二個部分論述的是客家博物館與跨國客家家族的關聯，說明深圳市龍崗客家民俗博物館結合跨國客家家族與客家博物館的雙重特性。第三個部分說明鶴湖新居乃是羅氏客家家族跨國遷徙的實體化標記，其特色是這個家族的歷史發展跨越了國境內外的侷限，也跨越了種族文化差異的藩籬。第四個部分是鶴湖新居也可以說是大遷徙集體記憶的一種實體化，畢竟，諸如土樓、圍龍屋、圍堡等歷史建築，都可說是客家族群的集體記憶的具體呈現，記錄著客家族群的生活文化軌跡。最後一個部分則論述客家博物館作為全球客家族群網絡發展節點的可能性。

關鍵字

客家圍堡 ； 客家博物館 ； 跨國客家家族

並列摘要

This article is composed of five parts. The first part will discuss the developing trends of Hakka museums in China, explicating the role of Hakka consciousness that gave rise to the changes and the effects on these museums. The second part deals with the relationship between the Hakka Museum and transnational Hakka families, indicating that the Shenzhen Hakka Folk Museum combines the dual characteristics of transnational Hakka families and a Hakka museum. The third part shows that the Crane Lake New Residence is the substantiate materialization of the transnational migration of a Hakka family. It is characterized by the historical development of this family’s transnational and transracial development. The fourth part attempts to indicate that Crane Lake New Residence also substantiate for the collective memory of the five migrations of the Hakka people. After all, the historical buildings, including the Fujian Tulou, the Hakka Round House, and the Hakka Fortress, with their records of Hakka life trajectory, could be accounted as material presences of the Hakka collective memory. The final part will end with a discussion on the possibility of Hakka museums as a node for developing global Hakka ethnic networks.

並列關鍵字

Hakka Fortress ； Hakka Museum ； Transnational Hakka Families