博物館建築、空間與文化：以臺灣的七座客家博物館為例

Museum Architecture、Space and Culture：The Seven Hakka Museums of Taiwan

黃雅雯(Ya-Wen Huang)

指導教授 ： 王嵩山

國立臺北藝術大學/文化資源學院學術論文/博物館研究所碩士班/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6835/TNUA.2010.00072

摘要

過去「博物館建築」被視為只是收藏及展示物件的場域，至二十世紀末對博物館建築的關注已從客體轉為主體，它被視為「展示」博物館特質及文化表徵的媒介物，特別族群類型博物館的建築是象徵族群文化及顯現社會文化變遷之載體。近幾十年來臺灣陸續在各縣市規劃籌建「客家」類型的博物館，企圖透過這些文化設施達到文化展現、凝聚、認同及地方觀光發展等目的。這些理想目標下，必須釐清的是客家博物館如何透過建築與空間來展現「客家文化」？透過「誰」來詮釋？再現了「誰」的客家？等問題。
本研究以臺灣的七座「新建」客家博物館之建築平面配置及其建築設計的五位建築師為分析對象，透過建築師之實際訪談及建築平面之空間型構（Space Syntax）軟體分析，企圖釐清客家建築圖像在博物館之文化合法化過程中，建築師們在這些案例之設計思維從何而來？相關影響為何？如此來解析博物館建築之建構過程中，客家文化意涵如何應用於博物館的空間組織架構內。而空間型構分析則是解析平面空間組構之深層邏輯及次序關係，試圖尋求博物館建築的表層組織型態下內孕之空間機制特徵。透過本研究企圖理解博物館作為文化載體之本質，即如何透過空間組構型態得以有效地傳遞知識訊息以呈現展示客體之重要文化意涵，如此可更深入掌握博物館建築之基本認知。

關鍵字

博物館建築 ； 空間型構 ； 客家 ； 文化

並列摘要

‘Museum Architecture’ was only considered the place of collection and exhibition in the past, but the concern of museum architecture from object to subject until end of the 20th century; it is seen as the vectors that showed characteristics and cultural representation of museum. Particular the type of ethnic museum architecture is a symbol of ethnic culture that reveals the carrier of the social and cultural changes. The type of Hakka museums were successively planed throughout Taiwan in resent decades, attempted to achieve the purposes of cultural manifestation, cohesion, identity and local tourism development. It must be clarified some issues that how architecture and space of the Hakka museums to show ‘Hakka culture’? Interpreted through which one? Reproduced Whose Hakka?
In this study, these analysis objects are the space configuration of seven Hakka museums that new build and five architects that design these museums, through actual interview with architects and ‘Space Syntax’ software analysis constructed plans, attempt to clarify the picture of Hakka architecture at cultural legalization process of museum, where the concepts of architect design come form? Related effects are? So resolve the construction process of museum architectures, the meaning of Hakka culture how to apply within the framework of spatial organization of museums. Space Syntax analysis resolves underlying logic and order relation of space structure, trying to find the space mechanism characteristics under the surface organization of museum architectures. Through this study, attempt to understand the essence of museum as a cultural carrier, that is how space configuration effectively conveys knowledge information to present the importance of cultural meaning, can deeply master the fundamental cognition of museum architectures.

並列關鍵字

Museum Architecture ； Space Syntax ； Hakka Architecture ； Culture Transmission

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