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'Musealising' the Registered Postcoloniality: The Chosen Display-ness of the National Museum, Malaysia

後殖民情狀的博物館化:馬來西亞國家博物館的選擇性陳列建構

摘要


The notion of musealisation usually referrs to the transformation of either an activity or a site into a museum of some sort. This paper examines this concept through a rather unusual way around a museum itself. The 'musealisation' of this museum-the National Museum, Malaysia-suggests a process not simply of its institutionalisation but more of a registration of Malaysia's top-down collective nation-building efforts. Attempted to establish an independent 'nation-state', Malaysia presents a series of antinomies, for instance, from its multi-racial and multi-cultural existence. With no precedents for Malaysian identity and Malaysian architecture, the opening of the National Museum, Malaysia in 1963 demonstrates an important project to identify its postcolonial condition. It is instrumental in consolidating the cultural hegemony of Malay Bumiputera (a Malaysian of indigenous Malay origin) in its national identity construction process. This registers a form of Malaysia's postcoloniality that has little representation of its multiplicity and instead a 'Malaysia' consisted of Malays and Islam. What has been musealised in this case is a top-downcollective nation-building, which implies de-colonial (to the British) and neo-colonial (to the 'Malaysian') intentions. The Museum has hence presented a form of the chosen display-ness that builds up one image of Malaysia.

並列摘要


博物館化的概念通常指涉某種活動或是某個地點轉化成博物館形式的過程,但是本研究採用一個與此定義稍有歧異的觀點,將要探討博物館化的主體置於博物館本身。馬來西亞的國家博物館作為本研究之探討案例,可以藉由這樣的觀點來檢視除了博物館其本身在機構化過程中牽涉的議題,還有其所代表之集體性國族建構。馬來西亞在獨立後為了建立其民族國家的形象,在意識形態上出現了與其多元文化以及族群涵構相衝突的一系列矛盾。馬來西亞在獨立後作為一個新興的國家,其認同與建築形式的建構並無先例可循,所以其國家博物館可以說是再現馬來西亞後殖民條件的一個重要指標。馬來西亞的國家博物館在國族建構的意義上尤其重要,因為它在馬來西亞「原住民認同」的意識形態下鞏固了獨立後政府所實施的文化霸權政策。此國家博物館所印記的是其後殖民情狀的一種再現,但它所印記的並非馬來西亞既存的多元性,而是偏向於馬來族群以及伊斯蘭宗教的單一性徵。也就是說,在其中所被博物館化的,首先當然是一個集體性的國族建構,但其後所暗示的,除了是對英國前殖民主的去殖民宣示之外,還有以馬來族群為首的內部殖民意圖。作為本研究的中心論述,馬來西亞國家博物館所博物館化的後殖民情狀是一個對其國族認同意象選擇性的展示與再現,而非普同與自發的民族性再現。

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